1275 
his measurement, which I, too, find from Bovutn’s figures 24, p. 34 
and 1, Pl. III. The rest of his statements are difficult to follow ; 
this calvarial height is for instance as ‘‘Unterschadel” added to an 
“Oberschädel (Kalottenhöhe)” of 130 mm., which yields an (impossible) 
total height of 212 mm. In reality the basion-bregma height is, 
according to Boure's statement’), 131 mm., from which I find 
135 mm. for the total height, hence 53 mm. for the height of the 
lower part of the skull, or 39.3°/, of the total height, which latter 
result is after all in good agreement with ScnwarBu'’s 38.7°/,. He 
gives 12.7°/, height of the lower part of the skull for an Alsatian 
man, 27.6°/, for an Australian. In his figures 1 (Alsatian) and 2 
(Australian) I, however, measure ratios of 24.1 and 21.6°/,. Two 
other Australians have 22.8 and 27.7°/. The skull of Wadjak I 
gives the ratio 28.6°/,. I find 21.2°/, in a Javanese skull, 25,6°/, in 
a Dutch skull of unknown origin. SCHWALBE finds 50°/, height of 
the lower skull part fora full-grown chimpanzee, and 55°/, for a Macacus 
nemestrinus. I determined the ratio 46.5°/, in a skull of Hylobates 
agilis, and 60°/, in that of the Siamang, Hylobates (Sy mphalangus) 
syndactylus. ScHwaLBE calculates 38.5°/, for the Neandertal skull; 
but on comparison with the total height of 135 of the La Chapelle- 
skull I find with ScHwaLBE's 80.5 mm. calvarial height of the 
Neandertal man, 37°/,. 
In this connection the comparative height of the lower part of 
the skulls of Frisians of old mounds (“terpen”) and of the island 
of Marken in the Zuiderzee, which have been excellently described 
by Barer, gets particular significance *). 
In this Barer has proved conclusively, what had already been 
1) L'Homme fossile de la Chapelle-aux-Saints, p. 37. 
’) J. A. J. Barae, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der niederländischen Anthropologie [, 
Friesenschädel. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie. Band 16, p. 329— 
396. Stuttgart 1913. Il. Schädel von der Insel Marken. Ibid., p. 465—521, Stutt- 
gart 1914. With reproductions and tables. — From the island of Marken originates 
also Blumenbach’s ‘‘Batavus genuinus’’, at whose forehead ScHAAFFHAUSEN, SPENGEL 
and R. VircHow thought they could detect neandertaloid characteristics. On the 
evidence of the “Batavus genuinus” Rup. WaaneRr- was even led to pronounce 
the sentence: “Der Neanderthalschädel ist von einem alten Holländer”, with the 
attenuating circumstance: “his zum Gorilla hat es doch noch entsetzlich weit hin”. 
(H. ScHAAFFHAUSEN, Der Neanderthaler Fund, p. 21, footnote. Bonn 1888). This 
large Marken skull cannot be called platycephalic, because the calvarial height 
index is 54.8 (G. Scuwarse, Neanderthal Schädel und Friesenschädel. Globus. 
Band 81, p. 173. Braunschweig 1901), which is about equal to the mean of 
Australians and Tasmanians. Also the shape of the forehead should sooner be 
called austroloid. The height of the lower part of the skull is 19.4 °/, of its total 
height (measured on Scuwatse’s Abbildung 3, p. 172). 
82* 
