1279 
unexpectedly high results, so much so that he was perplexed (‘‘effrayé’’) 
by them, and deterred from publishing these values; he communi- 
cated then, however, to Bourke in a letter *). At present these calcul- 
ated capacities do not seem improbable to us at all; for the more 
highly vaulted skull of Spy IL exceeds the La Chapelle skull only 
by from 70 to 90 cm’. 
SoLLas ?) calculated the capacity of the Gibraltar skull at about 
1260 em°. from the right half, which had been partly reconstructed, 
and of which he had measured the capacity with millet seed. 
Comparison of the endocranial plaster cast (of this right half of the 
skull) with that of the La Chapelle skull gave Bourr*) 1296 cm’. 
Broca (= 1214 em’. real capacity), and by direct determination of 
the capacity of such a cast Kerra *) found about 1200 cm’. cranial 
capacity. No great value can be attached to these estimates from 
the very incomplete fossil. More trustworthy is the result obtained 
from the skull of La Quina, whose capacity Bourr*) put 1367 em’. 
Broca (= 1282 ecm’. real capacity) from the less incomplete endo- 
cranial plaster cast. 
The two last-mentioned skulls are generally considered to be 
female, the other skulls of the Neandertaltype are probably all 
male. As the mean real capacity of the Kuropeans can be put about 
1450 em°. for men, and 1300 cm’. for women, the absolute 
capacity of the Neandertal Man appears to have been no less than 
that of Europeans. 
But the relative capacity must certainly have been greater 
then, for Homo neandertalensis was a small type of men. After a 
full discussion of the length dimensions of the skeleton Boure ®) 
arrives at the estimate of 154 or 155 em. for the body length of 
the fossil man of La Chapelle-aux-Saints in life, which was probably 
also the mean male length of the species, hence as much as or a 
few centimeters less than those of the smallest present human races, 
except the “pygmies”, and 14 or 15 em. less than the mean of the 
male Europeans. It is true that the Neandertal Man through his 
compact stature, must have been comparatively heavy, but it is not 
probable that this made him reach the mean body weight of the so 
1) M. BouLg, loc. cit., p. 187. 
2) W.J. Sorras, On the Cranial Characters of the Neandertal Race. Phil. 
Transactions Roy. Society. Series B. Vol. 199, p. 329. London 1908. 
3) M. Boure. loc. cit., p. 189. 
4) A. Keitu, Antiquity of Man. (London 1920), p. 124. 
5) M. Boure, loc. cit., p. 189. 
6) Loe. cit, p. 115—118. 
