1281 
about the latter refer to the Japanese. They were supplied by Tacucut’s *) 
researches referring to no less than 421 male and 176 female Japanese, 
of whom most had died in the hospitals. The mean brain weight of 
374 adult men was 1367 grams, of 150 adult women 1214 grams. 
These are quantities that pretty closely agree with the means of the 
Europeans obtained in the same way. But on an average the body 
weight of the Japanese men is 8 kg., their length 10 cm. less, and the 
Japanese women are on an average 7 kg. lighter and 10 cm. shorter’). 
Accordingly these East-Asiaties have more brain-weight than the 
Europeans, both per em. body length and in proportion to the body 
weight. Still greater is the difference with regard to the muscle 
length, with which, strictly speaking, the brain quantity can be 
better compared than with the body length. The Japanese are built 
more compactly; their arms, and especially their legs, are shorter 
in proportion to the trunk and exceedingly muscular; to the great 
strength of the muscles corresponds their considerable cross-section, 
and also the robust build of the long bones is in connection with 
this. In proportion to the muscle length the brain-mass is, therefore, 
still considerably greater than in proportion to the body length; 
the brain-mass is evidently proportional to the cross-section of the 
muscles. Kagucut showed that, later than in Europeans, this great 
brain quantity of the Japanese is not acquired until after childhood 
and first youth, and according to Barrz the Japanese are later full- 
grown in body-length and weight. Hence the large relative brain 
quantity and the greater muscular power of the Japanese is certainly 
not owing to a greater nu w ber of the neurones and of the muscle 
fibers, but to larger separate cross-sections of these, larger 
separate volume of those. 
Still somewhat shorter tban the Japanese are the Eskimos, and 
also still broader and more compactly built, still shorter of limbs, 
especially of legs, and more muscular. Judging by the few deter- 
minations of their brain weight, which we owe to the determinations 
of CHupziNsKr, HRDIICKA, SPITZKA ®), this mean is certainly no less 
1) E. A. Spirzxa, The Brain-Weight of the Japanese. Science. New Series, 
Vol. 18, p. 371—373. Philadelphia 1903. 
2) E. Baez, Die körperlichen Eigenschaften der Japaner. Mittheilungen der 
deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens. Erster Teil. Band III 
(1880— 1884), p. 330—359. Berlin und Yokohama. — Zweiter Teil. Band IV 
(1884—1888), p. 35—103). Higher weights and greater body lengths do not refer 
to means for the whole people, but for definite classes or selected individuals. 
5) E. A. Spirzka in American Journal of Anatomy. Baltimore. Vol. IL (1902— 
1903), p. 26—31. Three male brains of an average weight of 1457 grams 
