12 EMYDOSAURIAN AND TESTUDINIAN. REPTILES 
supraoculars ; a single postocular on each side ; frontal shield 
strongly rugose, sublanceolate, its point wedged between 
the convergent parietal ridges ; parietal shields broken up 
into numerous squamiform plates, the largest of which form a 
series along the external slope of the inner ridge ; temporal 
shields two, the lower lateral and very large, the upper superior 
and much smaller. Cleft of mouth a little less than half the 
length of the head, the postrictal groove half the length of the 
lower jaw. A pair of small mental barbels. Neck wrinkled and 
vermiculated, 12 time the length of the head, the anterior 
half with a few scattered erect tubercles above. 
Carapace ovate, its greatest width above the inguinal 
region ; its longitudinal diameter rather gently arched to 
the last vertebral shield, the posterior portion of which bends 
abruptly downwards to join the horizontal supracaudals ; 
its transverse diameter is strongly arched laterally, depressed 
and almost flattened mesially ; anteriorly it is feebly emargin- 
ate, the outer borders of the nuchal and margino-nuchal 
shields forming together a scarcely perceptible incurvature ; 
posteriorly it is rather weakly serrated.* Nuchal shield 
crescentic, its anterior border expanded laterally in front 
of the margino-nuchals as narrow spiniform processes, the 
width between the posterior angles 33 times its mesial length. 
Inner border of margino-nuchal 1} time the outer border 
and 24 times the greatest width ;—of first margino-brachial 
+ of the outer and a little more than twice the width ; of second 
subequal to and more than thrice ;—of first-margino-lateral 
a little less than outer and 2? times the width, of second } Jess 
than and 1? time, of third a little less than and 14 time, of 
fourth a little more than and 1} time, of fifth subequal to 
and 1? time :—of first margino-femoral % less than the outer 
and 14 time the width, of second + less and 14 time, of third a 
little less and a little more ; supracaudals pentagonal, strongly 
angulated posteriorly, the suture between them reduced to a 
blunt point ; all the other marginal shields are quadrilateral, 
with the exception of the second and fourth marginolaterals 
and the first marginofemoral which are pentagonal, being 
angulated on their inner facies at their junction with the 
intercostal sutures. First vertebral shield tetragonal, with 
*In comparison with the figures given by Duméril and Bibron and 
Lydekker. 
