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I fortunately happened to get hold of the brain-stem of a camel. 
This ruminating animal is also in the possession of a huge 
stomach (245 liters capacity) which, however, differs from those of 
our ruminating domestic animals in many respects. It must be 
remarked here, however, that the largest of the proventriculi, the 
rumen, has at both poles a great many (about 50) distinctly separate 
bulges, each of which can be shut off from the rest of the rumen 
by a sfincter, and has a capacity of 200 to 300 ¢.c. These bulges 
were described by Printus and by many after him as water- 
reservoirs. Even if this be so, which to an animal of the desert may 
be considered of great use, it cannot be the only function, for the 
mucous membrane in these peculiar stomach appendices is richly 
provided with glands (LesBrr), which points to a digestive function, 
and at the same time forms a great difference with the inner coating 
of the rumen in other ruminantia, which have all over a very 
horny cutaneous mucous membrane. Another remarkable point is 
that Cameliden have no omasus at all. 
The Central Institute for Brain Research at Amsterdam, enabled me 
to further prosecute my researches. From the above-mentioned 
Institute I obtained the brainstem of another Camelide, a lama, for 
which 1 offer my thanks. 
The research was not limited to the dorsal motor vagus-nucleus ; 
other nuclei have also been examined, in particular the nucleus 
accessorii and the nucleus ambiguus. Special attention was paid to 
the two last nuclei, in the first place because, according to LEsBrn’s 
researches, the nervus accessorius spinalis does not occur in Came- 
lidae, and in the second place because in these animals the nervus 
laryngeus inferior has no obvious recurrent course. 
In his “Recherches anatomiques sur les Camélidés (Archives du 
Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon, Vol. VIII 1903) he says on 
p. 191: “Thespinal nerve (the accessory of Wiilis) is completely wanting ; 
the sterno-mastoideus, mastoido-humeral, omo-trachelian and trapezius 
muscles receive their double innervation, sensory and motor, from 
the cervical pair. The absence of the spinal accessory nerve in 
Camelidae is an anatomical fact of great importance bithertho un- 
known.” A number of root-fibres issuing behind the nervus vagus 
unite into a declining stem of 3 to + em. in length. This little stem, 
running to the jugular ganglion, is considered by LesBRrE as being the 
only part present of the nervus accessorius, the nervus accessorius vagi. 
From his description of the innervation of the pharynx and the 
larynx it will be seen that in Camelidae the ramus pharyngeus vagi 
and the three laryngeal nerves, the nervus laryngeus externus for 
