782 



In figure 4 also three giant cells lie in the III^ layer. We further 

 see here one such cell that has accidentally got into the IV t^' layer. 

 In these figures we see clearly expressed the relatively smaller 

 breadth of the three first layers in area (41 + 42) (fig. 3) as compared 

 with those in area 22 (fig. 4). 



In the Madurese brain A the small degree of development of 

 Heschl's convolution is noteworthy. It is only single. 



Figure 1 shows the left temporal lobe. It is a drawing of the 

 lower wall of the Sylvian fissure. Here also the areal limits are 

 indicated as they should be according to my views. BrodiMann's area 

 (41 _j_ 42) remains accurately restricted to Heschl's convolution. 



Area 22 on the other hand I have been obliged to divide into two, 

 in deviation from what has always been done with European brains. 



Figures 5, 6, and 7 represent these three areas. Figure 5 shows the 

 type of area (41 -{- 42) in the brain of this Madurese. It discloses a 

 fact of very great importance. The giant cells namely are entirely 

 lacking here. I have been unable to prove their existence in this 

 whole area. This is the more noteworthy since all publications and, 

 also my own series of European brains characterise this area as rich 

 in giant cells. 



Simultaneously with my own investigations Vergouwen (1917) has 

 attempted to gain an insight into the variability of the number of 

 these giant cells in hearing and in deaf-mute Europeans, by accurate 

 countings of their number in area (41 -|- 42j in these two classes 

 of people. As far as this investigation concerns the brains of hearing 

 people, it is also of importance for my own work. 



Now he found this variability to range between wide limits. In 

 one case he even found no giant cells at all in this area in a nor- 

 mally hearing European. I shall presently return to these results. 

 ^ Then the scarcity of cells in area (41 + 42) in these Madurese 

 brain should be noted, more particularly of the laminapyramidalis. 

 At irregular distances the pyramidal cells seemed to have been locally 

 removed. Owing to the small distance through which I could follow 

 up the cortex in the accompanying figures, I have not been able to 

 give expression to this circumstance in the drawing. 



Figures 6 and 7 represent the two araes into which I subdivided 

 Brodmann's area 22. 



The two areas are called 22« and 22^ In fig. 1 we see that the 

 demarcation-line of these two areas lies straight across the I'*'^ temporal 

 convolution and starts from a point in the fissure, separating the 

 Heschl-cou volution from the 1®' temporal convolution. 



The only characteristic in which 22« differs from 22^, is the occur- 



