( 610 ) 
1 
n=" [log & (8) + Lil) +s [wk (6) + Lie] + 
p<e 
| 
Tt Ea = Ep? — 0.17472. 
1 E 1 
a Lee pce 
Flat 
The relation 
Hi (0) = e-” Hy (0) 
gives 
Sp = 0.17472, A = 0.00000. 
p<e 
Chemistry. — “Thermodynamics of Standard Cells” (First Part). 
By Dr. Ernst COHEN (Communicated by Prof. H. W. BAKHUIS 
RoozEBOOMN). 
1. As the elegant researches on the CLARK and Weston cells 
performed by Kane, JAEGER and WacusMura !) in the Physika- 
lisch-Technische Reichsanstalt have now been brought to a close 
and their measurements have been verified by the highly accurate 
determinations of CALLENDAR and BARNES®), it appeared to me 
worth while to check these experimental results by thermodynamics. 
Not only is the EK. M.F. of the CrLARK-cell used as the unit of 
E.M.F., but the value of the exact knowledge of that standard is 
much increased since by the measurements of CaLLENDAR and 
BARNES 3), the value of the heat-unit is based on it. 
During the research which I shali communicate in the following 
lines, it has appeared to me that the accepted views regarding the 
mechanism of the action of the normal cells are incorrect because 
the old mistake has again been made of ignoring the actual phases 
of the substances which take part in the changes within the cell. 
This neglect has already given rise to erroneous calculations and 
conclusions. 
These erroneous views will first be discussed and then a complete 
theory of the action of the normal cells will be given. We will 
1) Kaure, Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde, 12, S. 117 (1892); ibid. 18, S. 191 
S. 293 (1893). Wrepemayn’s Annalen 51, S. 174 und 203 (1844), ibid 64, S. 92 (1898); 
JarcerR und Wacusmuti, Elektrotechn. Zeitschrift 15. 8. 507 (1894); WIEDEMANN's 
Annalen 59. 8. 575 (1896); W. Jareer. Elektrotechn. Zeitschrift 18. 8. 647 (1897): 
WIEDEMANN's Ann. 63. S. 354 (1897); JAEGER und Kaute, Zeitschrift für Instrumen- 
tenkunde (1898) 1/1, 
2) Proc. Roy. Society 62. 117. 
3) Rep. Brit. Association 1899. Section A. Physical Review, Vol. X No. 4, p. 
202. April 1900. 
