34 
met with a primitive pattern, but at the same time established pro- 
found secondary modifications. Such an example warns us against 
the premature belief in the generality of a pattern, which was only 
seen on a prothoracie segment in one single representative of the 
family during the first instar. Especially as this not oniy should 
give us the generalized type of all Jugatae, but moreover should 
enable us to derive from it the generalized type of all Frenatae. 
Not being able to dispose of complete materials, | must to my 
regret refrain from the investigation of pupae in Hepialids, larvae 
and pupae in Eriocephalids and Micropterygids. Judging by illustra- 
tions in textbooks, they seem to show very interesting setae and 
verrucae. 
Thyrididae. In the collection KaLLENBacH, which served as the 
basis of my work, the full-grown larva of Thyris fenestrella is 
represented by a mounted specimen. The abdomen bears simple 
setae, arranged according to type /, the poststigmal seta only being 
absent. The thoracal segments possess moreover the dorsolateral and 
prostigmal setae. 
Lymantridae (= Liparidae). Orgyia antiqua L. is a remarkable 
form of this family on account of its long, strongly plumose setae. 
In succeeding moults they constantly grow more complicated, as 
PackarD already mentioned (1889). In the main my results agree 
with his notations, except that we differ in the number of moults 
after which certain features of the pattern begin to show themselves. 
In the first instar the verrucae on prothorax and abdomen are 
arranged according to type J/, those on meso- and metathorax accord- 
ing to type Il. In the beginning the setae are not plumose, after- 
wards they become strongly so. In the course of its development 
the subdorsal verruca of the abdomen disappears in two ways: on 
the anterior two segments it unites with the dorsal verruca, on the 
remaining ones it shrinks and becomes obliterated. (fig. 4). 
Porthesia chrysorrhoea passes in the main through the same course 
of development. 
On the verrucae of Ocneria dispar, but in the first instar only, 
small setae, which in their middle thicken into a little globular 
knob, are spread amongst the larger ones. Afterwards they dis- 
appear, and this we find also in Psilura monacha. (WacuTI and 
KornautH 1898). The dorsal verruca sometimes remains visible 
during tho whole larval period as a single seta or as a small wart. 
In the three last named species the setae, just as in Orgyia are not 
plumose during the first instar, but become so later on. 
The agglomeration of the suprastigmal with the poststigmal verruca 
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