35 
has already been mentioned, when speaking of type 10. (p. 528). In con- 
tradiction with the inference of FrackKER | observed this coalescence not 
only in Oeneria (Porthetria) dispar, but also in Porthesia chrysorhoea. 
The pupae of Oeneria dispar are provided with verrucae bearing 
short setae with microscopic ramifications. Among the verrucae the 
following can be clearly made out: the dorsal (bigger than on the 
larva), the subdorsal, the suprastigmal (quite near the poststigmal, 
yet separated from it more distinctly than on the caterpillar), the 
infrastigmal, the basal and lastly a very prominent pedal. 
Arctiidae. The verrucae are arranged according to type /, with 
only one exception, viz. the poststigmal, which has removed a little 
beneath the stigma, thereby somewhat displacing the infrastigmal 
towards the ventral side. I investigated Arctia caja and Oenogyna 
lubricipeda, both showing simple setae during the first instar and 
feathered ones in the later. In contrast with the foregoing family 
the dorsal seta remains very large. 
Geometridae. Only full-grown larvae were at my disposal. The 
primitive pattern, type /, was amongst others well shown by Amphid- 
asis betularia. The setae are not plumose, the suprastigmal is placed 
a little more caudally than in other forms. 
Noctuidae. In this family I was able to compare my results 
with Frackrr’s schematic figures. We both came to the same con- 
clusion: that in this extensive family the setae are transformed in- 
to verrucae, but sometimes return again to their primitive setose 
state. On the abdomen the primitive pattern seems to consist of-the 
dorsal, suprastigmal (called by FRACKER in this case @) the superior 
subdorsal, the post- and infrastigmal, one or two basals and the 
pedal. On the thoracic segments the prostigmal and dorsolateral 
are again added to them, the poststigmal is missing. Before and a 
little above the stigma a small prostigmal seta is found on the 
abdomen, which FRACKER takes to be « (fig. 31 after Feltia glandaria) 
and Quam calls IIL B. . 
In Aecronyeta psi the fleshy prominence on the first abdominal 
segment has originated beneath the dorsal verruca, that on the sixth 
beneath the subdorsal one. In this species a prostigmal verruca is 
present, at least in the last instar. 
In Depressaria nervosa (fullgrown specimen, coll. KALLENBACH) no 
setae are discernible except the dorsal seta on the mesothorax. On 
all segments however pigment-spots are seen in the same order as 
type I of the setal pattern. Here is therefore a new proof for the 
assumption, that pigment spots may be homologized to setae, tubercula, 
verrucae, scoli, which is of eminent importance for the pupal design. 
ox 
33 
