736 
The normal facies of the Kutei Tertiary formation is undoubtedly 
for a great part of terrestrial origin; the limestones and marls, 
which, in proportion to the entire mass of the formation, are always 
very insignificant, point only to a temporal intrusion of a very 
shallow sea into the laud. The different facies of Sangkulirang 
(Sekerat facies, Sampajau marl facies and Globigerinaemarl facies) are 
on the contrary decidedly of a marine origin. Now it is highly 
remarkable, that the boundary between terrestrial and marine facies 
in Sangkulirang constantly nearly follows the normal N—S coastline 
of Kutei. The supposition is suggested that already in great periods 
of the tertiary formation the present, normal coastline of Kutei 
-— allongated towards the North through Sangkulirang — form- 
ed the boundary between land and sea. Exclusively the terrestrian 
deposits were seized by the “normal” folding, which laid afterwards 
the tertiary formation into the anticlinals extending from SSW.— 
NNE. Only in Sangkulirang, where — for reasons that have not 
yet been sufficiently explained — the direction of the foldings is 
abnormal i.e. from SW to NE to W—H, also part of the sediments 
deposited towards the sea were upheaved through the formation of 
the mountains. 
From the fact that in the “normal” coast margin of Kutei ter- 
restrial deposits and in more easterly regions marine deposits of old 
miocene age are found, we may eonclude, that, even if in the old 
miocene the isles of Borneo and Celebes rose above the level of 
the sea, they must already have been separated by a sea, so that 
already in the Old Miocene the Strait of Makassar was extant in 
design. VerBeeK ') has likewise — by other considerations — come 
to the same conclusions. 
We still find an inclination in literature to regard extensive Glo- 
bigerin marls as being of a pelagian origin. This conclusion would 
certainly be incorrect for the very thick Globigerinaemarls of Sang- 
kulirang. For in the tirst place we could observe how very near 
the coast these sediments have been deposited. In the second place 
W. SravB has described a collection of gastropoda from Globigerinae- 
marls of Godang which contain besides true marine forms also 
forms of brackish and of fresh water. At iast I could state in Glo- 
bigerinaemarls on the west coast of the isle of Senumpa and in glau- 
conitic Globigerinaemarls in the island of Serai, lying to the Hast of 
Senumpa, that they show cross-bedding, a phenomenon that totally 
excludes their being deposited into deep water, 
Buitenzorg, August 1916. 
1) Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Indië, 37. 1908. Wetensch. Ged., p. 806. 
