513 
in pure ventral position of the animal, with horizontal mouth-fissure 
and symmetrical position of the head relative to the trunk. 
Now, when the trunk is moved on its dorso-ventral axis towards 
the left eye, this eye will move in the direction of the palpebral aperture 
towards the nose; the M. internus contracts and, as will be seen 
later on, at the same time a relaxation of the M. externus appears. 
This and a movement in the direction of the arrow educes a new 
position illustrated in Fig. 16. Now the head is brought into another 
Hig. I. 
position with the muzzle vertically downwards. When the position 
of the trunk is symmetrical with the head, we find, however, quite 
another position of the eye in the orbita. The tonic Jabyrinth-reflexes 
caused the eye to perform a marked rotatory movement with the 
upper pole in a direction towards the ear. (Fig. 1c). This, however, 
has also brought about a shifting of the insertions of the Mm inter- 
nus and externus in the orbita. Now when precisely the same move- 
ment with the trunk is performed as previously, again a contraction 
of the M. internus and a relaxation of the M. externus will obtain; 
the result from the movement of the eye relative to the orbita how- 
ever has become quite different. Now the eye does not move in the 
direction of the palpebral aperture (Fig. 1d), but about vertically to 
it; the left eye attains its new position by a movement anteriorly 
upwards (the right eye by one posteriorly downward). 
As said above, also other differences in the cervical reflexes with 
different position of the head in space, observed by Barany, could 
be accounted for by asuperposition of labyrinth- and cervical reflexes. 
Since the tonic labyrinth reflexes act now in one way, now in an 
Opposite way, or sometimes, as in the above example, act rather in 
conjunction with the tonic cervical reflexes, a seemingly irregular 
complex of reflexes is produced, which at first sight is difficult to 
disentangle. 
