629 
careful experiments of which we here record the results that bear 
upon the question under consideration. 
The pilocarpin-action depends on the concentration of- the poison 
in the Tyrode solution, and is not dependent on the absolute amount 
of pilocarpin present in the solution. 
The atropin-action per se (inhibitory effect of small doses) depends 
rather on the absolute quantum than on the concentration of the 
poison in the solution. The concentration is decisive with large 
atropin-doses (12,5—150 mgr. to 75 cc. of liquid). 
According to v. Liprn pe Jeupe also the antogonism of atropin 
hinges upon the absolute quantity, and not upon the concentration 
of the poison in the solution. 
Furthermore, v. Liprn pe Jeupe found, that generally the atropin 
doses to be added, differed little with highly varying pilocarpin-doses 
and pilocarpin-concentrations. 
The only relation, found by him between the values of the two 
poisons, was that with a considerable rise of the pilocarpin-dosis 
(100 times the initial dosis), the atropin-dosis increased but little 
(3—5 times). Hereby the results published by Macnus in 1908 *) 
were confirmed, as Macnus also found that with a rise of the pilo- 
carpin dosis (up to 50 times), the atropin doses required for the 
antagonism did not augment — anyhow less than ten times. 
Although v. Liptx pr Jeupe’s method suited his purpose very 
well, it could not, as such, be utilized in cases concerning the physio- 
logical determination of atropin-containing solutions, because large 
individual differences occur in the reactions of the guts of various 
animals, nay, even in the reaction of different pieces of the gut of 
the same animal. For this reason we have modified the method by 
utilizing the familiar fact that the action of various poisons can be 
abolished by removing the drug-containing solution and substituting 
it by a fresh solution, so that the organ resumes ifs former con- 
dition and will react again in the same way on a similar quantum 
of poison. This enabled us to observe repeatedly the action of a 
poison on the same strip of intestine. This was also BARrGER and 
Dar’s?) method when they examined the action of various poisons 
upon the uterus. Nrukircu®) has demonstrated that the effect of pilo- 
-1) R. Maenus. Kann man den Angriffspunkt eines Giftes durch antagonistische 
Giftversuche bestimmen? Pfliigers Arch. B.-123. S. 99. 1908. 
2) G. Barger and H. H. Date. Chemical structure and sympathomimetic action 
of amines. Journal of physiology. Vol. XVI. 1910, page 19. 
3) P. Nevxiren. Pfliigers Arch. 147. 171. 1912. Physiologische Wertbestimmung 
am Dünndarm. Pflügers Arch. 147. 151. 1912. 
