( 042 ) 



Physics. — ''(hl tin' iiifdsurcincnt of vcnj loir fciii jn'iudiires. VI. 

 Iiiipi-oi'cniciits of tlir jn'oti'ctcil tlici-nioi'lcnnuits ; d hattery of 

 st.<iii,(l(U'(l-tln'nno('Jenie)its and its use for titer nwelectrlc deter- 

 iiiiiKitioiis of temperature.''. By H. Kamkrlin(4H Onnpis and 

 C. A. Crommeijn. 



(Communicated in llie meeting of November 28, 1 903). 



§ 1. Tmjyroveinents of the proteeted tliennoelenieiits. Conuii. K". 27 

 II (.June 'iH)) foiitaiiis a descriptioii of the apparatus with which at 

 that time the thermoeleetrie determinations of temperature were 

 made. Tlie measurements for tiie sake of whicli these determinations 

 were made ai'e not yet closed, because they liave l)een repeated with 

 constantly im|irove(l arrangements. In Ihe mean time the thermo- 

 electi'ic determination of tem|)erature itself has heen imj)roved. The 

 experiments of Mr. Holt^mann ^) have offered an opportunity foi- 

 remarks about some of these improvements. Yet up to now a com- 

 plete descrij)lion of the modifications made since the appearance of 

 Coinm. N". 27 has been deferred. It is now <iiv(Mi in the following- 

 paper. 



Besides the "protected" (comj). ('omm. N". 27) obsei'vation-elemeids 

 we still use proteeted comparison- or standard-elements. We have also 

 retained the construction of both the observation-elements and the 

 comparison- or standard -elements, so that the two 'dimbs" (the 

 junctures with their protecting-tubes) can be immersed into steam, 

 ice or iido some liquefied gas or other to test whether the element 

 is tree of current with equal temperatures of the junctures. 



For the observation-element we avail ourselves of a combination of 

 constantiu and steel to obtain a considerable electromotive force. We 

 found for it with constantiu wire furnished by Hartmann and Braun 



46 microvolts per degree {()\). |-1()()^C.) Kt.kmkncic and Czermak') 



give for constantin-iron 51, (!RovA')(i3, van Aibki, and Paillot') 47, 

 H. RuBKNs') 53, HoLHORN and AVikn") 5(3, Klkinkr ') 58, Fucus ') 54. 



1) Bakhuis PiOOzeboom. Proc. Vol. 5, p. 1283, 1902. 



HOLLMANN. Zeilschr. L Phys. Ghem. Bd. 43. 2. p. 129. 1903. 



-) Klemencr; and Czermak, Wied. Ann. Bd. 50, p. 174. 1893. 



■!) A. Cbova, C. p.. 125, p. 804. 1897. 



1) Van Aubel and Paillot, Arch. d. Sc. phys. et nal. Geneve Per. 3 T. 3)3. 

 p. 148. 1895. 



•-) H. PvUBENs, Zeitschr. f. Instrk. Bd. 18 p. (55. 1898. 



") HoLBOuN and Wien, Wied. Ann. Bd. 59, p. 21 ;5. I89(i. 



") Kleiner, Arcli. d. Sc. pliys. el nal. Geneve. Per. 3. T. ;52. p. 280. 



^) Pucns, Uel)ei' das Ihcrnioelectrisclie Verballen ciniLicr Nickel-luijdei-Legier- 

 ungf'n, Graz, 1893. 



