BY KOWLAXD ILLIDGE. 27 



likewise have we such with some of the Zeuzeridae, pi'obably all 

 of the Cossidae, and those of the HepiaHds that hve upon roots 

 underground. 



The larvae of Eudoxyla, a genus of Zeuzeridae, are of 

 gigantic size, their tunnels often are an inch, occasionally even 

 much more, in diameter, and are usually excavated up the tree. 

 They need no web, as they are protected by the chamber being 

 cut off from the outside by the external wood of the tree, except 

 for a small hole, until they are full grown, when they bore down 

 to and through the outside surface in some species, others leaving 

 a thin shell between themselves and the outer world. Those 

 species, the ashy goat moth (E. cineraria), for example, that 

 open up the external surface, before pupating, form, firstly, a 

 curious frothy, sticky substance, and behind this a thick oper- 

 culum, like a chemical gun wad almost, except that in many 

 cases it would be much too large for any gun. 



