( 314 ) 



less pigmented. (A transversal serially ranged segmental exeedent 

 contrast). 



b. animals with narrow dark transversal stripes, more numei'ous 

 than the segments of the body (mammalia, e.g. zebra's). These stripes 

 correspond with zones of intersegmental summation. (A transversal 

 serially ranged intersegmental exeedent contrast), 



6. Elmer's type of the animals with longitudinal stripes includes : 



a. fishes, in w.hich the dark longitudinal stripes, or else the dark 

 dots and spots ranged in long rows," correspond apparently with the 

 points of entrance into the hypodermis of the skin-branches of the 

 pej-ipherical nerves. (An exeedent contrast ex introitu). 



b. amphibians and reptiles. Probably the precedent hypothesis holds 

 likewise for these. 



c. mammalia. In the viverridae the longitudinal stripes apparently 

 have been produced by the confluence of rows of spots, which were 

 originally distributed intersegmentally. (Pseudo-longitudinal stripes). 



7. Eimer's spotted type in the mammalia includes: 



a. Irregular spotting. This is caused by segmental exeedent and 

 d efect-\'ari abi 1 i t y . 



b. Uniform dotting. We may imagine this to have been produced 

 by the fragmenting of stripes, that occur un-interrupted in kindred 

 species of animals (leopards). 



Meteorology. — ''On frequency curves of meteorological elements'' 

 Bij Dr. J. P. Van der Stok. 



1. The application of the theory of probability to the results of 

 meteorological investigations has hitherto been more limited than the 

 nature of the data would lead us to expect. 



It is not diflicult to indicate the reason for this fact. Nearly all 

 applications of the theory of errors to physical and astronomical 

 problems are induced by the desire to determine a quantity with the 

 greatest attainable precision ; the remaining uncertainty atfords a 

 criterion for the value of the diiferent methods employed and leads 

 to experimental improvements, by means of which the errors, or 

 departures from the average value, may be minimized. 



These reasons for the application of the theory of errors fail in 

 meteorology : for the greater part of meteorological quantities and 

 climatological regions it is impossible to calculate average ^'alues 

 within a reasonable time and with a moderate degree of precision 

 and, if this were at all possible (e.g. for tropical stations), an increase 



