( 434 ) 



Doubtless, already in the first glacial period, a transport of stones, 

 on a large scale and over considerable distances from the solid rocks, 

 has taken place, to the North Sea and especially in the basin of the 

 Baltic. The earliest Baltic glacier has been traced as far as Schlesvvig. 

 When at the later, much more considerable accumulation of ice, the 

 North Sea also was filled up with inland ice '), it maj be reasonably 

 inferred that the Bi'itish portion of it has carried along with it the 

 erratics which at that earlier glacial epoch dropped from the drift-ice 

 to the bottom of the sea. 



In this manner we account tor the finding of erratics of Scandi- 

 navian origin on the coast of East-Anglia. They are however 

 not so plentiful in those parts as Dr. Jonkkr supposes. Among 

 thousands of stones of British origin, occasionally one Scandinavian 

 stone is met with. I believe that indeed not a single geologist in 

 England is of opinion that the Scandinavian inland ice ever reached 

 the shores of Britain. 



Undoubtedly the inland ice of tliat second or great glacial epoch, 

 which brought to our country the Northern diluvium, largely swept 

 up and transported the morainic debris deposited in the basin of the 

 Baltic, especially in its Western parts, during the preceding glacial 

 epoch. A large percentage, perhaps even the majority, of the erratics 

 thus again taken up and carried much further by the ice, must origi- 

 nally have come from a direction entirely different from that which 

 would answei' to the glacial flow, by which tiiey were then carried 

 along. Consequently, the presence of numerous stones of Baltic origin 

 in the bottom-moraine at the town of Groningen and in its neigh- 

 bourhood, is no reason why we should assume that the course of 

 the glacial flow has been from the Northern and Eastern parts of 

 the Baltic towards Groningen. 



The abundance of flints in our Northern diluvium and the direction 

 of the glacial striae in the southern parts of Sweden, indicated on 

 the well-known map of Nathorst, rather suggest a more westerly 

 origin. Moreover it appears questionable if on more extensive study of our 

 erratics — those found in the bottom-moraine of Texel and Wieringen 

 have been almost entirely neglected — the Baltic character of those 

 stones found in the Diluvium of the northern parts of our country 

 can be maintained. Cousidering the great local differences existing in 

 the composition of the ground-moraines the erratics of such a small 

 spot as the Hondsrug in Groningen, prove but little. 



I may here be allowed to mention a few other facts distinctly 



1) There are good reasons for not acfmitting here pack-ice, as does the well- 

 known American geologist Salisbury. 



