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The sea deepens suddenly all along this coast and no trace of islands 
or shoals are found which might be regarded as the submarine 
continuation of those ridges. All observations made along this coast 
give support to the opinion that the island terminates here against 
a fault facing the Timor-sea. 
I think it quite possible that the faults which thus terminate the 
island of Timor both towards the North and the South have been 
the cause of the absence of elevated reefs along those coasts of upheaval. 
If we accept the existence of these breaks, the question arises: 
What has been detached towards the North and the South? Clearly 
it must be the sunken blocks of land which are found in the deep 
basins of the Timor-sea and the Savoe-sea. 
To the North of the island of Timor the eastern continuation of 
the Savoe-sea has a depth of 3255 M. near the island of Kambing ; 
to the South the depth of the Tumor-sea is 3109 M. and this con- 
siderable depth is found much nearer to the coast of Timor than to 
the Sahul-bank which forms part of the continent of Australia. 
Not only Timor, however, is thus bordered at both sides by deep 
sea-basins, but it is a coincidence which holds good for the majority, 
if not for all of the islands of the eastern portion of the archipelago, 
consequently, the origin of the deep sea-basins and the elevation of 
the islands in the eastern portion of the archipelago may be regarded 
as a simultaneous process between which a genetic connection must 
have existed. 
The genesis of adjoining sunken and tilted blocks must be the 
result of one and the same crustal movement, which in my opinion 
would be the cause of a process of folding at great depths. 
If the question were raised as to what might be seen at the earth’s 
surface if an area were folded by crustal movement at a certain 
depth, I should be inclined to reply that its appearance would be 
similar to what obtains at present. in the eastern portion of the Indian 
archipelago '). It is a well known fact that the folding of rock-strata 
is only possible under high pressure; it may therefore be inferred 
that folding can only originate at certain depths below the earth’s 
surface. At the surface, in the zone of fracture, where the rocks 
cannot be plicated, the phenomena of deeply seated thrust and folding 
would be indicated by the presence of “graben” and ‘horsten’, the 
former corresponding to the troughs, the latter to the saddles of 
the deeply seated folds. Generally speaking every range of tilted 
1) ABENDANON has arrived at a somewhat similar conclusion, in his analysis of 
the topography of the island of Celebes. E. CG. ABENDANON, Celebes en Halmaheira, 
Tijds. K. Ned. Aardr. Genootsch. 2, XXVIL. p. 1149, Leiden 1910. 
