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Kuhlia rupestris LacÉr., Noil Aplaal. 
Lutjanus fuscescens C. V., Mota Berluli. 
Therapon cancellatus C. V., Noil Aplaal. 
Eleotris (Ophiocara) Hoedti Buxr., Mota Berluli. 
Eleotris gyrinoides Buxr., Mota Berluli, Noil Enfut. 
Gobius celebius C. V., Mota Berluli. 
Gobius melanocephalus Buxr., Mota Berluli, Noil Enfut. 
Sicyopterus cynocephalus C. V. Noil Enfut, Noil Besi. 
The zoogeographical importance of all the species hitherto known 
from the freshwater of Timor will be more pronounced in a table 
in which is mentioned at the same time whether the species are known 
to inhabit the sea, in which case it is proved that salt water does 
not constitute a barrier against their distribution. Furthermore the 
distribution of the mentioned species is noted in our table. 
From this table the following may be deduced: 
1. Contrary to expectation Timor misses every australian or papuan 
element in its freshwater fishfauna. We mean by that the Melanotae- 
niidae, which are only known from Australia, New Guinea, Waigeu 
and the Aru islands and which are still represented on lastnamed 
islands by Pseudomugil and Rhombatractus, and further such forms as 
Neosilurus, Eleotris aruensis M. Wes., E. Mertont M. WeB., EL. mogurnda 
RicHarpbs, which are also found on the Aru islands. 
2. On the other hand a few fishes: Anabas scandens Dav. and 
Aplocheilus celebensis M. WeB., occurring in the freshwater fauna of 
Timor, are forms which are entirely lacking in the freshwater of 
the australian or papuan region. 
3. The most striking fact however is, that 15 of the 28 enumerated 
species occur as well in the sea, temporarily (Anguillidae) or perma- 
nently, and 6 of them also in brackish water. The 7 remaining are 
hitherto only known from freshwater. From these 7 Aeschrichthys 
Goldiei Macu., Kuhlia rupestris C. V., Sicyopterus Wichmanni M. Wes. 
and Sicyopterus cynocephalus C. V. are closely related to forms for 
which salt water, or at least brackish water does not form a hindrance 
in their dispersion. 
In other words the freshwater fisbfauna of Timor has a marine 
character, it is almost totally composed of immigrants from the sea. 
This very remarkable ‘phenomenon can be explained by what the 
geological history of Timor teaches, as conceived by MOLENGRAAFF. 
To us the following is of importance. 
Timor was covered by sea during a very great part of the pleisto- 
ceen. The high mountains however (Mutis, Lakaan etc.) projected 
above the sea. They must have been comparatively high at that time 
