494 
if now we compare the distribution of dyestuffs between water 
and alcohol with that between water and fibres or other absorbents 
it appears that : 
1. As in the case of the colour absorption by fibrous matters, the 
1 
so-called adsorption-equation in which — <1, also applies to the 
n 
distribution between water and aleohol. 
2. Addition of a base to the solution of basic dyestuffs and of an 
acid to acid dyestuffs strongly promotes the absorption by fibrous 
matter?) as well as the entry into the alcohol layer. 
3. Wool and silk dyed with basic dyestuffs in which the base only 
has been retained are very readily decolourised by extraction with 
alcohol. The solubility of the free base, which in water is slight, is 
large in the fibre and also in the alcohol *). 
4. According to Losrv *) no dyestuff is absorbed by paper fibre from 
a solution of erystal-violet when this substance is dissolved in butyl 
alcohol, amyl alcohol, aniline, chloroform or anisaldehyde; the 
absorption is perceptible from a solution in nitrobenzene, anisol, ethyl 
malonate or amyl nitrite and strong from the aequeous solution. 
If now, we observe the distribution of this dyestuff between water 
and those solvents it appears that with the first group of solvents it 
practically disappears from the aequeous layer and that with the 
second group it distributes itself somewhat evenly over the two layers. 
Nitrobenzene makes the only exception as it removes nearly all 
the dye from water although, according to Losgy, no colouring matter 
is absorbed from it by paper. . 
This behaviour is now quite comprehensible if we look upon 
dyeing as being tantamount to dissolving the colouring matter in 
the fibre. For erystal-violet the fibre is a good solvent and water a 
bad one; the organic solvents of the first group are good, those of 
the second group are bad solvents. In the distribution of the dyestuff 
over the fibre and the organi¢ solvent, less dyestuff will be absorbed 
in the fibre and more will be retained in the solvent, according to the 
ereater solubility of the dyestuff in the latter. The division coefficient 
fibre fibre org. solvent 
—_______— will be the quotient of that between — — anc 
org. solvent water water 
5. Frevunpiich and Losev have found that the order of adsorption 
is independent of the nature of the adsorption medium. With carbon 
1) See ja. Perer-Jouver, Koll. Zeitschr. 2, 225 (1908). 
2) FreunpuicH and Losey, loc. cit. p. 308. 
3) Losev, Inaug. Dissert. p. 64. 
