APPENDIX 



paler below. Throat and belly white, the latter faintly tinged with 

 yellow. A summer resident, generally distributed in the woodland. 



78. Western Flycatcher; Empidonax difficilis Baird. 



With this bird we come to the group of little olivaceous flycatchers, 

 which are so much alike that the average observer will find great difficulty 

 in distinguishing them. They may be readily told by their characteristic 

 flycatcher build — the large head, broad, flattened bill, and weak feet, — 

 in connection with their small size (length from five to six inches) and 

 by their general olive-brownish or grayish color. The western flycatcher 

 is one of the commonest of the group, being a generally distributed sum- 

 mer resident over nearly the entire State. Color above dull olive-brown, 

 below dusky yellowish, brighter on belly; pale bars on the wings. Eggs 

 white, dotted with brown. Nest on mossy bank by a stream. 



79. Santa Barbara Flycatcher; Empidonax imulicola Oberh. 

 Scarcely distinguishable from the preceding, but darker above and 



paler below. Resident of the Santa Barbara Islands. 



80. Traill's Flycatcher; Empidonax traillii (Aud.). 



Color above olive-brown, grayer on head, below white, grayish on 

 sides and pale sulphur yellow on abdomen. Pale wing bands. The 

 white breast will serve to distinguish this from the Western Flycatcher 

 with its yellowish breast. A generally distributed species in suitable 

 localities. 



81. Hammond's Flycatcher; Empic/onax /lammonc// (Xantus). 

 Color above olive-gray, neck markedly gray, below dark grayish, 



or olive, darkest on breast. Small in size and bill very narrow. Eggs 

 white. Apparently rare in California, breeding to the northward. 



82. Wright's Flycatcher; Empidonax wrighiii Baird. 



Color as in preceding, but lighter gray, with throat often whitish. 

 Outer edge of outer tail-feathers paler, often whitish. Eggs white. A 

 common breeding bird in the mountains. Winters in the southern part 

 of the State. 



83. Gray Flycatcher; Empidonax griseus Brewst. 



Closely akin to the preceding, but slightly larger and more markedly 

 gray in tone. Southern and particularly southeastern California. 



84. Vermilion Flycatcher; Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus 



A brilliant straggler from Mexico. Back uniform brown; wings 

 blackish brown; head and lower parts vermilion. The female resembles 

 a bleached male, with but a trace of the gaudy coloring. Size of the 

 preceding group or a trifle larger. 



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