238 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



igen Waldstamnien an, unter welchen ein iippiger Grasswachs 

 aufsprosste; sie standen aber zu hoch fur die Schrotflinte." 



In 1843 Audubon saw three Turkeys above Council Bluffs, on 

 May ID (Journals, i, 482); May 13, "started several Turkey cocks 

 from their roost" (Floyd's Bluff and mouth of Big Sioux, Ibid., 

 488-9); October i, "landed below the [Big] Sioux River to shoot 

 Turkeys, having seen a big male on the bluffs. Bell killed a hen 

 and Harris two young birds" (Ibid., ii, 70). 



T. M. Trippe, writing from Decatur and Mahaska counties 

 (Proc. Bost. Soc, xv, 1872, 240), says the Turkey is "not uncom- 

 mon, but from its being constantly persecuted, very shy and vig- 

 ilant." In 1889 (Bds. of Iowa, 125), Keyes and Williams give it 

 as "resident; formerly verj- abundant, but becoming less abund- 

 ant each 3^ear. A few are occasionalh- taken in the heavily tim- 

 bered districts along the streams." 



A number of observers have reported the Turke}^ as formerly 

 occurring but now extinct in their localities. Paul Bartsch (Iowa 

 Orn., ii, i, 1895, 3) tells how a Burlington game dealer discovered 

 a flock two years before and succeeded in killing every one of the 

 thirteen birds. W. G. Savage informs me that they were very 

 plentiful thirty years ago in Van Buren county, but now none are 

 to be found, the last one being seen six years ago. W. G. Prae- 

 ger states that he was "recently informed that they are now quite 

 extinct near Keokuk, were still fairly common up to 1890, and 

 the last I heard of was about 1895." 



Edmonde S. Currier reports: "This bird is almost extinct in 

 Iowa, but not quite. October 24, 1903, two were fllished in a 

 woodland west of Donnellson, L,ee county. This was on a large 

 farm where no shooting has been allowed for many years, and a 

 small flock of turkeys can be seen there even 3-et. November 13, 

 1898, I saw a fine male that had been killed from a gang of seven 

 three miles west of Summitville, Lee county, on Grape Creek." 

 In 1900 and 1902 Mr. Currier also saw fresh tracks of Turkeys 

 and heard the birds calling in the woodland in the latter locality. 



Order COLUMB^. Pigeons. 



Family COLUMBID.E. Pigeons and Doves. 



Only two species of the famih^ are found in Iowa, one of these 

 being practically extinct. They are principally ground-feeding 

 birds, living almost wholly upon grains and seeds. 



