328 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



and O., vii, 1882, p. 174). Keyes and Williams state that it is 

 only occasionally seen in central Iowa, but noticed more often in 

 the southern part of the state (Birds of Iowa, i88q, p. 145). 



At the present time the Cardinal appears to be more abundant 

 in Iowa than formerly, and certainly occurs further north, as the 

 following reports testify: 



Blackhawk — "twenty years ago it was considered accidental in 

 Blackhawk, but at present it is frequently' seen there, especially 

 in winter. No nest from that locality, however, has yet been re- 

 corded" (Peck). Des Moines — "common permanent residents at 

 Burlington, frequenting the undergrowth along the bluffs during 

 the breeding season and coming to the back doorsteps in winter 

 to eat table crumbs" (Sloanaker). Jackson — "rare transient" 

 (Giddings). Johnson — rather rare but constant resident at Iowa 

 City; most frequently observed in winter (Anderson). Jasper — 

 "have seen only one specimen, at Colfax, Aug. 5, 1902" (Sloan- 

 aker). lyinn — this species has extended its range to our latitude 

 the last three years. Many persons have observed them here 

 since the summer of 1901, and I have myself seen males here dur- 

 ing the fall and winter of 1903-04" (Keyes). Lee — "common 

 resident" (Praeger, Currier). Polk — "rare; winter" (Johnson). 

 Mahaska — "very common; nesting in low bushes" W. A. Bryan, 

 Iowa Orn., i. i, 1894, p. g). Webster — "few" (Somes). Wood- 

 bury — "comparatively recent visitor here. Only noticed in the 

 last few years" (Rich). A male specimen was sent to the Uni- 

 versity by D. H. Talbot, killed at Sioux City, March 28, 1904. B. 

 H. Wilson reports the Cardinal as resident at Rock Island, be- 

 coming more abundant every year. Warren — "tolerably common 

 resident, found only in a certain locality about six miles from 

 Indianola" (Jeffrey). 



Genus Zamelodia Coues. 



264. (595). Zamelodia ludovkiana (Linn.). Rose-breasted Gros- 

 beak. 

 The Rose-breasted Grosbeak is an abundant summer resident 

 and breeds in all parts of the state. It arrives from the south 

 early in May, sometimes the last of April, the males coming a few 

 days before the females. The males are very melodious songsters 

 in spring, but with the beginning of summer become quiet, and 



