ANDERSON — THE BIRDS OF IOWA. 339 



number were plainl}' referable to Collurio exnibitorides, there were 

 some that I could not satisfactorily place as belonging either to 

 C. excnbitoridcs or C. liidoviciamis . . . While occasional observa- 

 tions or observations for a limited space of time, would probablj' 

 result in the conclusion that C. exmbitorides was the only form, 

 close and extended observation would show a variation in many 

 cases toward the C. hidovicianus type, while rarely a specimen 

 would be found that would appear absolutely of that species." 



The White-rumped Shrike is reported by observers as a toler- 

 ably common summer resident in all parts of the state, but it ap- 

 pears to be less common in the northern part of the state. The 

 nest is usually placed in osage-orange hedges in central and south- 

 ern Iowa, while north of the osage-hedge districts it is placed in 

 willows along country roads or in isolated trees in pastures. 

 Most of the White-rumped Shrike records from Iowa should un- 

 doubtedly refer to the Migrant Shrike. 



280. (622e). Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer. Northern 

 lyOggerhead Shrike. 



The Northern Loggerhead Shrike is described by Ridgway 

 (Bds. N. and Mid. Amer., iii, p. 243) as " practically identical in 

 coloration with L. I. ludovicianus , but gray of upper parts aver- 

 aging slightly paler (especially the gray along upper margin of 

 the black loral space) and under parts less purely white, etc. . . 

 bill much smaller and the tail decidedl}' shorter than wing, in- 

 stead of the reverse" . . . Range — "Greater part of United 

 States east of the Great Plains . . breeding north to New 

 Brunswick . . . Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and south- 

 ward to midland Virginia and western North Carolina, Kentucky 

 and eastern Kansas, etc." 



Bruner, Wolcott and Swenk give the Migrant Shrike as occur- 

 ring regularly in eastern Nebraska, but only locally common. 

 The White-rumped Shrike occurs over the entire state. Both 

 varieties are reported from Omaha, Lincoln, Beatrice, etc. (Rev. 

 Bds. Neb., 1904, p. 95). 



In Lee county W. E. Praeger reports all his records as of ludov- 

 iiianus, and none of 622a, but is not certain that it does not occur, 

 E. S. Currier states: "I have seen birds that I could call L. 

 excubitorides, and others that I could not. The common bird is 



