[2a 
Brown-Heapep Guiu.—Adult in Summer. Hood dark brown; mantle French grey ; 
outer quills characterized by the white centres and the dark margins of the inner 
webs; an evanescent pink tint on the under parts ; bill, tarsi, and toes blood-red. 
From autumn to early March the hood is almost absent. Immature, mottled with 
brown on the mantle, anda band of dark brown near the end of the tail. Total 
length 16 in., wing 12 in. 
Common Guiu.—Larger than the above. Head white; mantle dark grey ; outer quills 
chiefly black, with white ‘mirrors ” near the tips, conspicuous in flight; bill, tarsi, 
and toes yellow to greenish. Jn winter the head is streaked with ash brown. 
Immature, mottled brown ; dark tail band ; quills dark brown. Total length 18 in., 
wing 14 in. (long for the size of the bird), 
Herrine-Guii.—Adult. Much larger than the preceding, and mantle pale grey ; other- 
wise not unlike in all stages; bill yellow, with orange at the angle; tarsi and toes 
flesh-colour. Length 24 in., wing 17 in. 
Lesser Brack-Backep Guii.—Adult. Mantle varying from very dark grey to black ; 
bill as above; tarsi and toes lemon-yellow; the foot comparatively small, and 
shorter than the tarsus. Immature, darker than in the Herring Gull, notably as 
regards the mottlings of the tail. Length of male 23 in., wing 16 in. ; female smaller. 
Great Brack-Bacxep Guit.—Mantle deep black ; large white “ mirrors ”’ near the tips 
of first and second quills ; bill as above in colour, but very large in the male ; tarsi and 
toes flesh-colour, Immature, rather pale coloured in mottlings. Length of male 
30 in., wing 20 in.; female smaller. 
Kirriwakr Guii.—Hind toe absent or aborted; bill remarkably decurved. Adult in 
Summer. Mantle slate-grey ; quills black to the tips, an excellent distinction from 
Common Gull; bill greenish yellow; tarsi and toes blackish. Young, with a black 
half collar on the nape; a broad black band across the shoulders ; much black on 
the carpal joints and wing-coverts ; tail with a terminal black band ; bill and tarsi 
dark reddish brown. Immature, with fainter collar and bands. Length 15} in., 
wing 12 in. 
Ill., IV., Y.—See under Remarks. 
VI. Protection. 
Wild Birds Protection Act, 1880.—These birds (with the exception of the Black- 
backed Gulls) appear in the schedule which applies to every county in England, Scotland, 
and Ireland. Any owner, occupier, or other person taking, killing, etc., them during close 
season,* or possessing or selling them after 15th March, is lable to a penalty of £1 for each 
bird. The penalty in the case of the Black-backed Gull is less. 
Wild Birds Protection Act, 1894.—The eggs of al] wild birds (including Gulls) are 
protected in the specified areas of the following counties: Northumberland; York, E. 
Riding; Cambridge ; Chester ; Norfolk ; East Suffolk ; Devon ; Essex ; Kent ; Isle of Wight ; 
and East Sussex. The eggs of Gulls are also protected as follows :— 
Brown-headed Gull.— Enauanp: Cumberland ; Lancaster; Barrow-in-Furness (C.B.) ; 
Westmoreland; Chester; Devon. Scotnanp: Aberdeen; Banff; Dumbarton ; 
Dumfries; Elgin; Kirkcudbright ; Lanark ; Midlothian; Orkney ; Roxburgh, and 
Wigtown. 
Common Gull.—Scornianp : Aberdeen ; Dumfries ; Elgin ; Kirkcudbright, and Wigtown. 
* Generally from 1st March to 31st July; but in some counties from Ist February to 3lst August in 
each year. A further period may be obtained under the Act of 1896 (q.v.) 
