[2 1 
rump yellower; wings and tail slaty-brown externally, margined with yellow; fore- 
head and superciliary streak bright sulphur yellow; sides of head, chin, throat, 
breast, flanks, and edge of wing, sulphur-yellow ; the rest of the under parts white ; 
bill, legs, and iris, brown. Total length about 6 inches ; bill, 0°5; wing, 3°0; tail, 
2:0; tarsus, 0°72; first quill short and narrow, 1'8 inch shorter than the second, 
which is a trifle longer than the fifth ; third quill longest. The females of all three 
species resemble the males, but are a trifle smaller, and the young birds are rather 
yellower than the adults. 
III. Where, when, and in what numbers found. 
Currrcuarr.—A summer visitant, arriving in March and leaving in the autumn. It 
is very generally distributed in Great Britain as far north as Ross-shire, but is 
merely a straggler to the Outer Hebrides and Orkneys, and is also common in 
Ireland in summer. A few winter in the South of England. Its general range is 
from the Canaries to the Valley of the Volga, and north to within the Arctic Circle, 
wintering in South Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, and North Africa. 
Wittow-Wren.—Common and generally distributed in Great Britain and Ireland, from 
April to September, but is rarer in Northern Scotland, and is a straggler to the 
Orkneys and Shetland. It is found throughout Europe as far up as the North 
Cape, and as far east in Asia as the Yenesei Valley, wintering in Persia, South 
Europe, and Africa as far south as the Cape of Good Hope. 
Woop-Wren.—F rom the middle of April to September it is fairly common, but 
somewhat locally distributed in England, somewhat rarer in Wales, and found in 
Scotland to Sutherland and Caithness, but is much rarer in Ireland. In Europe it 
ranges from the far west to the Ural, and as far north as Southern Scandinavia, 
wintering in Africa as far south as the Gold Coast. 
IV. Food. 
All the Leaf-Warblers are insectivorous, feeding almost entirely on the small insects 
which they pick off the leaves of trees, flies, and insect larve, and they but rarely touch 
berries of any description. Hence they are essentially deserving of protection, inasmuch as 
they are most usefulin destroying many insects that are injurious to the farmer and gardener. 
Y. Characteristics, see VII. 
VI. Protection. 
Wild Birds Protection Act, 1880.—These birds do not appear in the Schedule to the 
Act, but have been added in the following counties and county boroughs :— 
Chiffchaff, Willow-Warbler, and Wood-Warbler in Enenanp: Lancashire (except the 
Hundred of Amounderness and Lonsdale south of the Sands); Buckingham ; 
Rutland; East Sussex; Hastings (C.B.). Waxes: Brecon. Scornanp: Kincardine. 
Chiffchaff also in Enenanp: Lancashire (remainder of County); Chester (Hundred 
of Wirrall) ; Worcester ; Peterborough, Soke of; and Isle of Wight. 
Willow-Warbler also in Enetanp: Barrow-in-Furness (C.B.). Scorntanp: Fife 
(Tentsmuir). 
Wood-Warbler also m Enentanp: Barrow-in-Furness (C.B.); Chester (Hundred of 
Wiurall). Scornanp: Fife (Tentsmuir). 
In these counties any owner or occupier, or other person, taking, killing, etc., any of 
