Ese 
open spot. Of all three species, the nest of the Wood-Wren is most difficult to find, for it 
is most carefully concealed amongst the herbage—often in a grass tussock—and the opening is 
always well hidden from view. The nests of all three species are built of grass bents, 
sometimes intermingled with a little moss; those of the Chiffchaff and Willow-Wren are 
well lined with feathers, whereas that of the Wood-Wren is lined with fine grass bents and 
a little horsehair—never with feathers. Occasionally both the Willow-Wren and the Chiffchaff 
use a few hairs or wool in the lining of their nests, but feathers form invariably the main 
portion of the lining. The number of eggs deposited by all these species varies from five 
to seven, very rarely eight. Those of the Chiffchaff are white, somewhat sparingly spotted 
and dotted with occasional small violet-grey shell-spots and deep purplish red surface 
markings; whereas those of the Willow-Wren are white, more or less spotted, dotted, and 
blotched with pale red, and are also, as are those of the Chiffchaff, occasionally, though rarely, 
pure white, unspotted. The eggs of the Wood-Wren are white, minutely spotted and 
speckled with deep purplish red spots, sometimes with a brown tinge, and here and there 
marked with a few pale purplish grey underlying shell dots ; in some eggs the spots are more 
numerous, and form a wreath round the larger end. In all three species the shell of the egg 
is thin, and when fresh the yolk shows through. 
Besides the above-mentioned three species, others have occurred as rare stragglers during 
migration. Two of these—the Yellow-browed Warbler, Phylloscopus superciliosus, and 
Pallas’s Willow-Warbler, Phylloscopus prorequlus—are very small, scarcely larger than 
a Golden-crested Wren, and are greenish olive above and white below, the flanks yellowish. 
The former may be recognized by having a broad yellowish white stripe over the eye, from 
the base of the bill to the nape, and two conspicuous lemon-yellow bands across the wing ; 
whereas the latter (Pallas’s Willow-Warbler) differs from the Yellow-browed Warbler in 
having also a broad central yellow stripe along the crown, and a broad band of lemon-yellow 
across the rump. A third species—the Greenish Willow-Warbler, Phylloscopus viridanus— 
resembles the Willow-Warbler, but has the upper parts greener and the under parts less 
yellow in tinge, and has a conspicuous yellowish white single bar across the wing. All three 
of these rare stragglers are visitants from Hastern Russia and Siberia. 
Educational Series.—No. 1.—-OWLS. No. 2.—WOODPECKERS. No. 3.—STARLING. No. 4.— 
SWALLOWS. No. 5.—KINGFISHER. No. 6.—OSPREY. No.7.—DIPPERS. No. 8.—NIGHTJAR. 
No. 9.—TITMICE. No. 10.—KESTREL. No. 14.—PLOVERS. No. 12.—TERNS. No. 13.—WAGTAILS. 
No. 14.—CHOUGH. No. 15.—JAY. No.16.—SKUAS. No. 17. FLYCATCHERS. No. 18.—NIGHTINGALE. 
No. 19.—GULLS. No. 20.—LEAF-WARBLERS. No. 24.—PIPITS. No. 22. SKYLARK. 
No. 23.—GREBES. No. 24.—_COMMON BUZZARD. 
Copies of the above may be obtained from the Society’s Publishing Department, Knowledge Office, 
326, High Holborn, W.C., or from the Hon. Sec., Mrs. F. E. Lemon, Hillcrest, Redhill, on the following 
terms :—Post free: three copies of any one number of the Series, 1d.; one dozen, 3d.; 100, 1s. 6d. 
Assorted packets, one copy of any six numbers, 2d.; one copy of any twelve, or two copies of any six 
numbers, 4d.; or 50 assorted numbers, 1s. Special terms for larger quantities, and to County Councils, the 
Constabulary, and Schools. 
The Society’s Publishing Office, Knowledge, 326, High Holborn, London, W.C, 1897. 
