10 REPORT ON THE RELATION BETWEEN 



22nd the depression characteristic of a great cyclone appears jn the barometric 

 curve. 



At Leipsic, the first impression of the approaching cyclone appears on the 

 17th, on which day more rain fell there than on any day during the pre- 

 ceding sixty years. On the 19th the barometer fell to 327 Paris lines, and 

 on the 20th there was a tornado. Notwithstanding the excessive decrease 

 of temperature which the thermal lines indicate during the passage over 

 Britain of the central portion of this cyclone, there are three explosions 

 on three consecutive days, in the very midst of the cyclonic barometric 

 depression. 



On the 21st the barometer rises about an inch, but both the thermal lines 

 rise also, and explosions follow on the 22nd and 24th. These accidents 

 were therefore induced both by diminished pressure and increased tempera- 

 ture ; but so far as meteorological agency is concerned, the explosions of the 

 16th, 17th and 18th were due to diminished atmospheric pressure alone. 

 JExplosions in October 1852. 



Oct. 4, Horsehay Colliery, Dawley. 

 „ 4, Willfield Colliery, Longton. 

 „ 6, Cwmliargoed, Dowlais, S. Wales. 

 „ 8, Cwmbach, Aberdare, S. Wales. 



Oct. 12, Worsley Colliery, Lancashire, 

 ,, 22, Tyrnicholas Colliery, Monmouth- 

 shire. 

 „ 27, Monkwearmouth Colliery, Durham. 

 ,, 29, Dudley-port Colliery. 



From the 28th of September to the 10th of October, another cyclonic de- 

 pression occurs, the mercury sinking to 28"73 on the 4th of October. Two 

 explosions happen 07i this day, and three others follow on the 6th, 8th, and 12th 

 respectively. The weather was excessively stormy until the 10th, both here 

 and on tiie continent. At Portsmouth, on the 4th and 5th, "a truly awful^ 

 gale" blew from the S.S.W., and there was a destructive inundation and a 

 hurricane of wind at Lewes. On the 6th and 7th, after the centre of the 

 cyclone had passed, an unusually severe storm of wind blew from N.E. in 

 Scotland. On the 29th of September, 1 a.m., the ship ' Mobile,' 1000 tons, 

 from Liverpool, in a hurricane from N., went to pieces in the Irish Channel; 

 sixty lives were lost. Many other wrecks occurred. 



A great barometric depression begins on the 20th of October, and extends 

 to the 8th of November. On the 22nd of October both thermal lines rise 

 considerably, and the barometer has fallen half an inch. The temperature 

 is low on the 27th and 29th, but the great barometric depression is quite 

 sufficient to account for the explosions on these days. 



The barometer was 28*75 on the 26th. Many vessels, and upwards of 

 100 lives, were lost on the 26th and 27th, during the storm at Shields, 

 Sunderland, &c. At Cologne the barometer is lowest (327 lines) on the 

 27th. The cyclone began here with a gale from S.E., and shifted to N.E. 



In the Parliamentary Return of Wrecks for 1852 it is stated, that "on 

 the 26th of October an easterly gale began that in six days strewed the coasts 

 with 102 wrecks." 



Explosions in November 1852. 



Nov. 6, Winstanley Colliery, Wigan. 

 „ 11, Bryndu Colliery, Pyle. 

 „ 17, Stoneclough Colliery, Kearsley, Lan- 

 cashire. 



Nov. 20, N. Brierly Colliery, Bradford. 

 22, Plat Lane Colliery, Wigan. 

 26, Coate's Park Colliery, Alfreton. 

 28, Hadden Mill Colliery, Dudley, Staf- 

 fordshire. 



On the 6th the thermal lines are high ; but the temperature is low during 

 the rest of the month. The remaining explosions of this month coincide in 

 a most striking manner with the great barometric depressions. Hurricanes 

 of wind, wrecks and great inundations all over the kingdom, marked the 



