62 



REPORT — 1855. 



Fig. 



Fig. 

 Fig. 

 Fig. 



Fig. 4 



PLATE XIX. 



jllimentary Canal. 



1. Stomach of Talitrus, seen from 

 above. 



la. OEsophagiis from Tetromatus. 



2. Stomacli of Siilcator, lateral view. 



3. Stomach of Gammarus in situ, 

 with the liver attached. 



Alimentary tube of Sulcator are- 

 narius below the stomach, with 

 the liver and urinary sacs at- 

 tached. 



Fig. 5. Appearance of the alimentary 

 canal under two-thirds of inch 

 power. 



Fig. 6. Ditto, under one-fifth. 



PLATE XX. 



Fig. 1. Posterior portion of Gammarus, 

 showing the urinary — 

 a. Organs in position. 

 h. Sphincter muscles at ter- 

 mination of urinary organ, 

 c. Sphincter muscles at termi- 

 nation of alimentary tube. 

 Fig. 2. Urinary organs from Sulcator 



arenarius. 

 Fig. 3. Urinary organs from Gammarus 



grossimanus. 

 Fig. 4. Urinary organs from larva of 



Amphitoe ruhricata. 

 Figs. 5 &6. Ultimate stnicture of the organ. 



PLATE XXI. 

 Male. 

 Fig. 1. Testes from Sulcator arenarius, 

 with their vas deferens and penis 

 attached. 



Fig. 2. Part of 7th segment, with coxa 

 and penis attached. 



Fig. 3. The under arch of 7th segment 

 of pereion (thorax), with bran- 

 chial vessels and penis attached, 

 from Gammarus. 



Fig. 3a. Extremity of penis. 



Fig. 2a. Extremity of penis of Sulcator. 



Fig. 4. Penis of Caprella. 



Fig. 5. Spermatozoa of Gammarus. 



Fig. 6. Spermatozoa of Sulcator. 



Female. 



Fig. 7. Ovaries of Gammarus. 



Fig. 10. Ovaries of Capre//a (after Good- 

 sir). 



Fig. 8. Vulvae of Caprella. 



Fig. 11. Plate from incubatory pouch of 

 Caprella. 



PLATE XXII. 



Fig. 1. 



Nervous cord of Talitrns locusta. 

 O. The calcareous arch under 

 which it dips to the infra- 

 oesophageal ganglion. 



A. The cephalic or supra-oeso- 



phageal ganglion. 



B. The infra-cesophageal gan- 



glion hid by (O). 

 E. And following, one to each 

 segment of the body. 

 Fig. 2. Lateral view of the internal ar- 

 rangement of the head, show- 

 ing the line which the nervous 

 cord takes : letters the same. 

 Fig. 3. Diagram showing the circulation 

 of the blood. 



On the present state of our knowledge on the Supply of Water to Towns. 

 By John Frederic Bateman, C.E., F.G.S. 



Among the many interesting and important subjects to which the present 

 desire for sanitary improvement has recently directed public attention, none 

 have a higher claim upon that attention, nor are more intimately mixed up 

 with the health, the comfort and the well-being of our town populations, than 

 the questions of an abundant supply of good and wholesome water, the com- 

 plete and proper drainage of our houses and our cities, and the purification 

 of the streams and rivers into which the sewage of our towns is allowed to 

 flow. Scientific research, and the experience of daily life, are constantly 

 bringing to view the close connexion which these questions have with 

 the mortality, the comfort and the moral habits of our rapidly-increasing 

 population. 



The tendency to herd together in large cities for purposes of convenience 

 and employment, the rapidity with which many manufacturing towns have 



