TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 9€ 



On the commencement and progress of the Geological Survey in Scotland. 

 By A. C. Ramsay, F.R.S., F.G.S. 



On some of the Geological Functions of the Winds, illustrating the Origin 

 of Salt, <Sfe. By Professor H. D. Rogers, Boston, U.S. 



On the Geology of the United States. 

 By Professor H. D. Rogersi, Boston, U.S. 



On some Reptilian Footprints from the Carboniferous Strata of Pennsylvania, 

 J9y Professor H. D. Rogers, Boston, U.S. 



Additions to the Geology of the Arctic Regions. By J. W. Salter, F.G. 



On some Fossils from the Cambrian Rocks of the Longmynd, Shropshire. 



By J. W. Salter, F.G.S., A.L.S., of the Geological Survey of Great 



Britain. 



The author visited the Longmynd during the summer of 1855, for the purpose of 

 searching carefully in the sandy flag-like beds east of the principal ridge for organic 

 remains. 



The succession is as follows, in ascending order : — 



1. Dark olive schists. Church Stretton, Brocards Castle, &c. 



2. Harder flags and schists, with some felspathic beds. 



3. Bluish fine-grained sandstones of considerable thickness and ending in a 



series of rippie-marked flags, as at the Carding Mill, Church Stretton ; 

 the Devil's Mouth; Winter Hill; north side of Callow Hill, Little 

 Stretton ; the Packet Stone, West of Minton. 



In all these localities ripple or current marks are frequent on the surface of the 

 stone, and in several places these are marked in such a way by radiating lines as to 

 lead to a belief that they represent the minute drainage of the hollows as the tide 

 receded, thus indicating littoral conditions. The large-sized conglomerates in the 

 neighbourhood also favour the same idea. 



On the surfaces of the sandy beds are many double oval impressions, not above a 

 line long, always placed in pairs, and parallel to one another in direction, though 

 scattered over the stone. As these twin oval indentations are not placed in any 

 regular series, they clearly do not indicate the track of a crustacean or higher animal ; 

 and they offer on the whole the best analogy with the double holes of sand- 

 burrowing worms, such as the Lob- worm {Arenicola) of our coasts. Mr. Binney of 

 Manchester first called attention to the occurrence of such burrows on the coal 

 sandstones of that district. The present are, however, minute in comparison. The 

 author calls them Arenicola didyma. There are also many direct traces of the pre- 

 sence of worms in long sinuous tracts, such as are usually made by these animals. 



The most interesting fossils are several specimens of the tail, and perhaps the 

 head, of a new genus of Glenoid Trilobites, allied closely to some forms in the very 

 lowest fossiliferous beds of America. Though imperfect, their occurrence so low 

 down justifies the application of a distinctive name, Palmopyge Ranisayi. 



Impressions very like those of rain-drops, and remarkable raised lines on the sur- 

 faces of the beds, are points of interest, but do not call for further notice. 



These fossiliferous beds are succeeded by (4) red shales and (5) grey sandstones, 

 another series of flaggy sandstone with ripple-marks (at the small waterfall near 

 Church Stretton), red sandstones and grey beds alternating as far as the ridge of the 

 Portway, beyond which, for three miles, is a great series of red sandstone with 

 some beds of conglomerate (one bed of which is 120 feet thick). These con- 

 glomerates are chiefly of quart? rock, with much felspathic matter, and only rarely 

 contain pebbles of syenite. They indicate the proximity of older and probably of 

 volcanic lands. 



