190 REPORT — 1855. 



the unrecorded produce : ascertained, ^33,120,224 ; unrecorded, igl6,223,ll6 — 

 total, <£44,]43,3S4. The population of New South Wales in 1846, exclusive of the 

 Port Phillip district (now the colony of Victoria, which then had but 50,475 souls), 

 was 154,534 souls, of whom 92,389 were males and 62,145 females. There were 

 then 26,563 houses in the colony. The revenue was ,£'396,259, the imports to the 

 value of ^1,544,327, and the exports ,^1,187,423. The tonnage entered inwards 

 was 154,904. On the 31st of December, 1853, the population was found to be 

 231,088; the number of females was 99,720. The number of horses then was 

 139,765, of horned cattle 1,552,285, pigs 71,395, and sheep 7,929,708— making a 

 general total of live stock of 9,693,153 head, or in the proportion of one horse to 

 every two persons, and seven head of cattle and nearly thirty-four sheep, besides 

 pigs, to each person. The value of the exports of New South Wales reached, in 

 1853, to .€4,523,346 ; while that of the imports amounted to J?6,342,397, or in 

 the proportion of €18 of exports and €26 of imports to each soul of the population. 

 In 1850, the year before the gold discoveries, the value of the exports was but 

 ^1,300,000, and in 1853 it was €4,500,000. In 1852 and 1853 the value of the 

 export of gold from New South Wales was respectively €2,600,000 and .€3,600,000. 

 The census of New South Wales, taken March 1, 1851, just before the gold discovery 

 at Ophir by Mr. Hargreaves, gave the population at 197,168. It has since increased 

 to about 232,000. We find, then, that while the value of the imports into New 

 South Wales in 1851 was but €1,568,913, it had risen in 1853 to €6,342,757. 

 Taking the transactions of the last four years, the balance of trade has, however, 

 been against the colony by nearly two millions, — the total imports having been 

 €16,578,570, and the total exports €14,633,922. In 1854 the banks doing 

 business in the colony held a stock of coin and bullion exceeding €2,500,000, 

 deposits of about €5,000,000, and a paid-up capital of €3,000,000, and had 

 divided profits ranging from 8 up to 40 per cent, per annum. The exports of 

 colonial produce from Sydney in 1853 were valued at €2,342,362, exclusive of gold. 

 The export of wool was 15,'701,465 lbs., against 11,086,974 lbs. in 1852. The 

 pastoral interest seems, therefore, to have recovered from its prostration, for the 

 shipments last j'ear approximate to the exports of 1851, which were 15,268,473 lbs. 

 The value of the imports to Sydney were about €3,000,000. The exports of 

 Sydney and Melbourne together are over 20 millions sterling, and their imports 

 nearly as much. The gold diggings of New South Wales, although less prolific 

 than those of Victoria, according to a careful comparison which I have made, 

 returned nearly €l70 as the year's earnings for each digger in 1853. The entire 

 colonial trade of Australia is now very considerable, and a fine fleet of steamers is 

 employed in communicating between the ports of Adelaide, Melbourne, and Geelong, 

 Launceston and Hobart Town, Port Jackson, and the New Zealand settlements. 

 In 1853 the vessels which entered at Sydney from colonial ports numbered 582, 

 measuring in the aggregate 127,074 tons. The entries of other vessels, exclusive of 

 coasters in the same year, were 980, of 316,879 tons — being an increase over 1852 

 of 259 ships and 118,133 tons. Mr. Simmonds then went at some length into the 

 statistical progress of the other Australian Colonies, Southern and Western 

 AustraUa, Van Diemen's Land, and the New Zealand settlements, to show the 

 beneficial influence exercised on their interests, commercial and agricultural, by the 

 gold discoveries, which we pass over. 



If we look at the effects of the gold discoveries in directing the tide of emigration, 

 we find how much the current has altered, and how strongly it has set southwards 

 within the last three years. In 1851, but 21,532 souls left the United Kingdom for 

 the Australian colonies and New Zealand. Observe, however, the change since the 

 gold discoveries. In 1852, 87,881 emigrants left; in 1853, 61,401 ; and in 1854, 

 83,237. From the port of Liverpool alone, 91 ships of 88,418 tons have left already for 

 Australia this year (1855), taking 16,297 passengers. In four years a population has 

 been added to the Australian colonies equal to the whole number of settlers in Au- 

 stralia ten years ago, the emigration of one yea,r being larger than the existing popu- 

 lation of Victoria in 1850. According to the census of 1854, the entire population 

 of Victoria is 250,000 ; so that, in the period of thirteen years since 1841, Melbourne 

 has increased in population elevenfold, and Geelong forty-fourfold. In the three 

 years ending with 1853, we shipped to the Australian colonies produce and manu- 



