20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
vidual moths would live aconsiderable portion of this time, we deemed 
it worth while to test the effect of a combined spray applied the 
latter part of June at a time when presumably most of the moths 
had emerged from their cocoons and before there had been any 
extensive deposition of eggs and injuring of the fruit by the young 
larvae. L. F. Strickland, agent of the Department of Farms and 
Markets, at our suggestion, selected an orchard belonging to R. E. 
Heard, of Lockport, and sprayed a group of six greening trees June 
28th with 1 pint of black leaf forty to 100 gallons of water, to 
which were added 1 gallon of a standard lime-sulphur preparation 
and 1} pounds of powdered arsenate of lead. It was hoped that 
the black leaf forty would destroy some of the moths sheltering 
in the trees and the spray was therefore directed so as to drench the 
limbs and trunk as well as to cover the foliage. The poison would 
also be fatal to any caterpillars feeding upon the foliage. The 
application was made from the ground with a spray gun and 325 
gallons were used on 200 trees. These latter were greenings about 
roo years old, with a spread of 4o to 45 feet, a height of 30 feet and 
over and they were well laden. The top of the tree was first covered 
with a spray; this was then followed by an underspray designed in 
particular to saturate the limbs and the rough bark of the larger 
branches and the trunk. A pressure of 225 pounds was maintained 
and the experimental trees were protected by a barrier row of simi- 
larly treated trees on all sides. The greenings, owing particularly 
to a scarcity of labor, were rather too thick in the center and as a 
consequence it was not possible to do entirely satisfactory work from 
the ground. This was especially the case on branches near the 
top of the tree and when picking the men occasionally brought in 
lots showing an unusually high percentage of infestation. The 
natural difficulties presented by these trees made it difficult to 
obtain sharply marked results. 
The earlier treatment of the orchard had been as follows. Just 
after the petals fell there was the usual application of a poison lime- 
sulphur wash, summer strength, all the trees being treated alike. 
Examinations by Mr Strickland in various orchards July rst resulted 
in the conclusion that the maximum oviposition by the codling moth 
probably had not been reached. No unusual developments were 
noted in the orchard during the summer and at picking time, Sep- 
tember roth and 11th, the fruit on four of the experimental trees 
was carefully canvassed and in addition that on one entire tree 
(tree X) which received the general treatment described above for 
the orchard and the apples on one side of another (tree Y). These 
