So Mosquitoes 



pupa and the first and second abdominal segments 

 were not nearly as dark as the rest, the remainder of 

 the abdomen in particular being quite well and evenly 

 chitinised. At this time the tracheae to the gills 

 had broken and a few moments (less than five minutes) 

 afterward the pupa shook itself free from the larval 

 skin, the wing cases folding into their usual position 

 just after the pupa emerged, which it did rather 

 quickly, popping up at once when placed in deep 

 water. 



Pupae. — There is practically nothing to be said 

 about the habits of the pupae. They are, on the whole, 

 a rather uninteresting set. They look like a lot of 

 overgrown commas bobbing about in the water. 

 Being of less specific gravity than the water, they 

 float at the surface film, supported by the two tubes 

 and the tuft on the first abdominal segment, until a 

 shadow or a motion affrights them, when they dive 

 downward with mad jerks. Then, the panic over, 

 they resume their natural curled up attitude, and 

 float calmly to the top again. They never go about 

 with their tails sticking straight out, as most of the 

 pictures show them ; some of the dead ones look that 

 way, but live ones only straighten out when about 

 to emerge. 



Pupae, when first formed, are generally more or less 

 transparent and of a pale colour, darkening as they 

 grow older, the deepened tint being mostly due to 

 the development, on the included imago, of the scales 

 on the back and wings, which are visible through the 

 thin chitin of the pupa skin. There is no use in trying, 

 in a drawing of a pupa, to show the colour markings, 



