INSECTS INJURIOUS IN 1902. 33 
fective. Lard 1 lb. with oil of Pennyroyal 10 c. c. (one tablespoon- 
ful and oil of Eucalyptus Io c. c. added,—effective for twenty- 
four hours or longer, but expensive. Pennyroyal costs $1.75 per 
Ib. and Eucalyptus Oil $1.20 per lb. Lard 1 lb. mixed with 4 oz. 
of Pyrethrum, quite effective, in one case affording exemption to 
one of a herd for three or four days. This also is somewhat ex- 
pensive. It must be borne in mind, that an animal so treated 
among a large number not treated, is hardly a good criterion, for 
the flies would doubtless be much more persistent in their attack 
were there not more inviting backs present in abundance. Lard 
with oil of Pennyroyal and oil of Eucalyptus was also used on 
SE a 


Fig. 31.—Stable fly (S. ca/cztzans). Lugger. 
a family cow to find effects of isolation, with good results for 
twenty-four hours, “but did not keep them all off.” Lard 1 Ib. 
kerosene % pint, mixed thoroughly until a creamy mass was 
formed, gave excellent results lasting two or three days. This 
was used on a few herd cattle and upon a family cow; in all cases 
it worked well. All of the above combinations were applied with 
a cloth or with the bare hand, smearing each animal over back, 
shoulders, hind quarters, neck and flanks. About 34 of a pound 
was used for each full grown creature. Manifestly the use of 
any or all of these on a large scale would be impracticable, so we 
3 
