124 INVESTIGATION IN MILK PRODUCTION. 
ter 1895-6 when they fell slightly below it, but this was 
more than made good by the excess of protein. In the pro- 
tein we find the greatest variation; that fed during the win- 
ter of 1901-2 falling .6 of a pound below the Wolff Standard 
while one of the groups had .65 of a pound less and another 
.94 of a pound short. The uniformity in total nutrients used, 
is especially noteworthy from the fact that the cows were 
not fed by the standard, but simply according to each ani- 
mal’s needs, so far as amount of food consumed was con- 
cerned. Each cow was fed to her full limit and shows that > 
Wolff’s finding in this respect was wonderfully in accord with 
the average needs of cows. The apparent defect in the Wolff 
Standard is in the amount of protein prescribed, and not 
being applicable to the needs of the individual cow. 
TABLE XLIX.—Giving Net Nutrients to a Pound of Milk, and the Lehmann 










Factors. 
SARA 5 = = Lehmann 
J NE i Cc 5o- 8 ee o = 
NET NUTRIENTS 1895-6 1894-5 1901-2 RaActors 
POLED Ailiviewessenseeseeeceecenscssecs 2.63 2.09 1.90 
PEO LE CO me lb aM Kareouesesccseees LOM55D: .0510 0375 .O818 
Carbohydrates to 1 1b. Milk.... -2082 2211 SU EXSS) 2400 
Ether Extract to 1 lb. Milk...... .0224. AODUT/'Z¢ .0O156 -0180 
Total NetyNutrients........-cessscere 3061 -2898 -2500 -3398 


Comparing the protein and other nutrients consumed to 
a pound of milk yielded with that prescribed in the Lehmann 
standard, it is found that each winter the cows used less of 
each nutrient than the standard provides; and that in ap- 
plying the two standards, that formulated by Wolff comes 
nearer the average requirements. The Lehmann standard 
seems specially faulty in the assumption that it requires 
.081 of net protein to a pound of milk, and in not recogniz- 
ing that nutrient requirements vary with the quality of the 
milk yielded. 
To make further comparisons in regard to the nutrients 
required in milk production a table is submitted giving the 
net nutrients used to a pound of butter fat yielded, the daily 
average yield of milk and butter fat and the daily average 
