100 



New York Fitate College of Forei<fr]j 



may be thickly dotted wilh little tliin white tufts. The whhe 

 cottony secretion consists of wax filaments secreted from glands 

 on the upper surface of the abdomen and may be readily separated 

 from the insect by touching with a needle or brush or dissolved 

 away by application of creosote. 



Since the description by Fitch the species has been studied in 

 Iowa by Osborn ( 'SO) in Illinois by Storment and in Maine by 

 Patch and referred to by other writers. The more essential points 

 in the life cycle wdth reference to control may be stated briefly 

 as follows: 



The winter is passed in egg stage and in part by adult wingless- 

 asexual females. The progeny of early spring broods develop- 

 ing first from stem mother are wingless oviparious but about May 

 there is a generation of winged individuals that by a general 

 fight serve to scatter the species in all directions. The later sum- 

 mer generations are wingless and wingless oviparous females pro- 

 vide the eggs which are destined to survive the succeeding winter 

 and produce the stem mothers for the succeeding season. The 

 cottony covering protects them fairly well against sprays unless 

 driven with such force as to dislodge them and this may be done 

 for lawn trees where water pressure is available by drenching 

 the trees with a stream of water as well as with a contact spi^ay, 



Fig. 42. — Pine leaf C'hermes (Chennca piuifoliac) sliowing posi- 

 tion in egg deposition. Note egg masses in front of inseet at several 

 points. Photo by Fiva/. (See note, p. 104.) 



