BY T. HARVEY JOHNSTON AND M. J. BANCROFT. 229^ 



That some ticks do inject a toxic substance, is now 

 well-known. Nuttall* in referring to the effects (which- 

 commonly include paralysis — " tick paralysis ") stated 

 that they may prove to be due either to a toxin emanating 

 from the tick or to a specific virus. He gave the name 

 " tick bite fever " to the condition set up. A tick immunity 

 becomes subsequently established. Tick bite fever is 

 referred to by Brumptf as occurring in man in South 

 Africa, as a result of infestation by larvae of Margarojpua 

 (i.e., Boophilus) decoloratus and also by Rhipicephalus 

 simus, immunity following. 



There are man}' published references to the effects on 

 man and domesticated animals resulting from tick bites 

 in countries other than AustraliaJ. 



The best known Australian example is Ixodes holo- 

 cyclus Neum., commonly called in Eastern Australia the 

 scrub tick or bottle tick. It frequently attacks man, some- 

 times with fatal results. *=' Dogs are especially liable to 



*Nuttall. G. On symptoms following tick Ijitas in man. Parasi- 

 tology, i, 1911, pp. 89-93 (re Amhlyomina and Boophilus). 



fBrumpt. Precis de Parasitologie. Paris, 1VU:5, p. .581-2 (rafars to 

 work of various observers). 



JNuttall, 1911, I.e. ; Nuttall, Tick paralysis in man and animals,. 

 Parasitology, 7, 1914, pp. 95-104 ; Hadwen, On Tick paralysis in sheep- 

 and man following the bites of Dermacentor vennsfidii.s. Parasitol.. 6, 

 1913, pp. 283-297 ; Nuttall and Hadwen, Experimental tick paralysis 

 in the dog (from Dermacentor venu-it<d7i.s). Parasitol., 6, 1913, pp. 298- 

 301 ; Nuttall. Biology of Ixodidte, Parasitol., 6, 1913 (pp. 84-5 re 

 bites of Ixodes puttis) ; Sant Anna, On a disease in man following tick 

 bites and occurring in Lourenco Marques, Parasitol., 4, 1911, p. 87-8 ; 

 Nuttall and Strickland, On the presence of an anticoagulin in the saUvary 

 glands and intestine ©f Argas persicus. Parasitol., 1, 1908, pp. .302-10 

 (references to tick bites and toxic effects, p. 302) ; Nuttall, Warburton 

 and others. Ticks, a Monogr. Ixodoidea, part I., 1908, pp. 85-8, 92-4 

 (Argas); pp. 98, 102-4 {Ornithodorus) : part 2., p. 313, etc. [Ixodes); 

 Todd, Tick paralysis. Jour. Parasit., 1, 1915, p. 55 ; McCaffrey, 

 The effect of tick bites on man. Jour. Paraait., 2, 1916, p. 193-4 

 {Dermacentor venustulus) ; Herms, The Pajaroello tick ( Ornithodorus 

 coriaceus K.) Jour. Parasit., 2, 1916, pp. 137-142 (effects on man and 

 various experimental animals). 



**J. B. Cleland, Jour. Trop. Med. Hyg., 16, 1913, pp. 43-5 ; 188-9,. 

 and in Fantham, Stevens and Theobald, Animal Parasites of Man, 1916, 

 p. 499 ; Injuries and diseases of man in Australia, attributable to animals. 

 Austr. Med. Gaz., Sept., 1912 ; J. Bancroft. Queensland Ticks and Tick 

 blindness, Aust. Med. Gaz., Nov., 1884 ; Anderson Stuart, P.R.S.^ 

 N.S.W., 28, 1894 (pp. 10-11 re " poison of the AustraUan bush tick.") 



