81 



In the young the bony ridges of the head are absent. 



Tadpole. — Length of body about once and a half its 

 width and about ^/^ the length of the tail; tail 3 to 4 times as 

 long as deep, the depth of the muscular portion about half 

 the greatest total depth. Nostril much nearer to the eye than 

 to the end of the snout ; eyes superior, the distance between 

 them about twice that between the nostrils and about equal 

 to the width of the mouth ; spiraculum sinistral, directed back- 

 wards, visible from above and from below, nearer to the vent 

 than to the end of the snout; vent median. Tail with broadly 

 rounded tip, both crests nearly equal in depth, the upper 

 slightly convex and not extending to the back. 



Mouth ventral; lips with papillae only at the sides; jaws 

 white, edged with black; series of teeth i ' 1/3, the second 

 series in the upper lip nearly as long as the first one, nar- 

 rowly interrupted in the middle, those of the lower lip about 

 equal in length, the innermost being rather the longest, the 

 outermost the shortest. 



Blackish-brown above, grey beneath ; muscular portion of 

 tail blackish-brown, crests colourless or pale grey. Length 23 mm. 



From sea-level to high up in the mountains. Very common 

 in cities; by day it is hiding in holes, in the evening 

 it may often be seen in and near the houses hunting after 

 insects. The copulation is axillary. The eggs, which are disposed 

 in one file in each mucilaginous string, are laid in stagnant, 

 often muddy water, in which the tadpoles may be found 

 throughout the year (in Batavia). 



Habitat: Pulo Weh ! ; Nias!; Sumatra (Langkat; Medan ! ; 

 Belawan!; Batak mts., +300 m. ! ; Radja mts. ; Fort de Kock ! ; 

 Lembok); Riou islands (Bintang)?; Banka; Natuna islands 

 (Bunguran); Borneo (Baram riv. ; Pontianak; Bandjermasin !); 

 Java (Serang!; Batavia!; Depok; BuitenzorgI; Sukabumi!; 

 Tjiandjur; Cheribon ! ; Tjilatjap!; Pekalongan ! ; Semarang; 

 Ambarawa; Gunung Gamping, Djokjakarta ! ; Djapara ! ; Djuana!; 

 Rembang ! ; Kediri ! ; Pasuruan!); Madura! — From India and 

 S.-China to the Malay Peninsula and the Philippines. 



10. Bufo gymnauchen Blkr. 



Bufo gymnauchen Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. -Indie, XVI, 1859, p. 46. 

 Docidophryne spinipes (nomen nudum), Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wien, XLII, 



1861, p. 415. 

 Indo-australian amphibia. 6 



