12 University of Michigan 



are few. The trees are high and the forest crown nearly 

 closed. Underhrush is common in the more open places, this 

 being mostly mountain maple (Acer spiccitiun) with a few 

 young firs, young arbor-vitae, and Virginia creepers (Parthe- 

 nocissus qnin que folia). There are numerous ferns, and herbs 

 are abundant. Under the more closed parts of the forest 

 canopy the ground is mostly bare, underbrush and herbs being- 

 scanty. vSmaller black ash swamps occur in the Cisco Lake 

 Region, and in the vicinity of Little Girl's Point a number of 

 small black ashes were noted in a swamp of mixed arbor-vitae 

 and black spruce. , 



Arbor-vitae stvamp habitat: In the Cisco Lake Region 

 arbor-vitae (TJiiija occidentalis) occurs commonly near the 

 edges of the lakes and in the wet depressions in the forest. 

 Near Gogebic Lake also the arbor-vitae grows commonly near 

 the shores of the lake and in wet places in the woods, espe- 

 cially at the edges of swamps. But the trees in both these 

 areas, so far as seen, were small, and the arbor-vitae did not 

 form a dominant species, but occurred in a small percentage 

 mixed with the other types of forest. However, in part of 

 the region near Gogebic Lake extensive arbor-vitae swamps 

 are reported to occur. In the vicinity of Little Girl's Point 

 arbor-vitae swamps are common, occupying the wet lower 

 northern slopes of the high ridge. 



In a swamp of this type three miles southeast of the point 

 arbor-vitae is the dominant tree, reaching trunk diameters of 

 two feet and more. Under the dense shade of the high forest 

 crown there are many young trees of the same species, and 

 the forest has evidently reached a temporary climax. Of other 

 trees, a few small yellow birch, a few young firs and hemlocks, 

 and one fallen white spruce (Picea canadensis) were noted. 

 The ground is very wet and there are numerous tiny streams, 



