Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 15 



and arbor-vitae, the latter chiefly near the water's edge. 

 Shrubs and herbs are nearly absent, and the forest floor is 

 covered by a thick carpet of dead needles. There are many 

 decaying logs, usually covered by a thin coat of moss. In the 

 Little Girl's Point Region nearly pure stands of large hem- 

 locks cover many of the lower parts of steep slopes and also 

 occur commonl}- on well-drained soil elsewhere. In the vicin- 

 ity of the north end of Gogebic Lake a few small groves of 

 hemlocks were noted, but the ground in general is so low and 

 swampy that the species mostly occurs as a part of the mixed 

 forest of the region. Animals are rare in the habitat. 



IVIiitc pine forest habitat: White pine {Pinus strobus), 

 which formerly was a common forest tree in northern Mich- 

 igan, has now been mostly removed for lumber. Near Little 

 Girl's Point a small natural grove of this species was studied, 

 occupying a moderate southerly slope above a black spruce 

 bog. The area is about 50 by 150 meters in size. White pines 

 are by far the most numerous and dominant tree, the trunks 

 measuring up to about Ave feet in diameter. In the grove 

 yellow birch, some of large size, are common ; toward the 

 bottom of the slope hemlocks are also common; and near the 

 edge of the bog there are a few arbor-vitae. vShrubs are almost 

 absent, there being merely a few small seedlings of arbor- 

 vitae, hemlock, and fir, mostly toward the bottom of the slope. 

 A few scattered clumps of grass appear, but the forest floor 

 is mostly covered only by a thick carpet of dry pine needles. 

 Numerous dead limbs and sticks have fallen from the pines. 



Wet hardwood forest liabitat: The land adjoining much 

 of Gogebic Lake is low and poorly drained. Here is found 

 a mixed forest dominated by sugar maple (Acer soccharum), 

 black maple, hemlock, yellow birch (Bcfula hitca), linden, 

 elm iilnius aincricana), ash (not black ash), and ironwood 



