i6 University of Michigan 



(Ostrya virginiana). The hardwoods are decidedly dominant 

 over the conifers. The forest crown is high and closed, and 

 the trees are large. The underbrush in general is scanty, 

 though in some places there is a thick growth of mountain 

 maple {Acer spicatnm) and of sugar maple seedlings. Leather- 

 wood {Dirca palustris), hazel, ferns, and a few young firs 

 (Abies halsamea) also occur. 



Some of the lower forests in the Cisco Lake Region approach 

 the wet hardwood forest type, though none are extensive in 

 area, and they are usually surrounded and dominated by the 

 dry forest condition. 



Dry hardivood forest habitat: The highest development of 

 the dry hardwood type of forest was found on the upper parts 

 of the moderately high ridge near Little Girl's Point. The 

 slopes in general are very gentle, but well drained. The forest 

 here is dominated by the sugar maple {Acer saccharum) , yel- 

 low birch {Bctnla hitca), and linden {Tilia americana) . Hem- 

 locks are rare, and only one elm was seen. The trees are 

 large, the trunks frequently reaching diameters of two feet 

 or more. The forest crown is high and heavy. Underbrush 

 is scanty and low, being mostly young seedlings of sugar 

 maple, though seedlings of linden are numerous. Other shrubs 

 and herbs noted were the leatherwood {Dirca palustris), hazel 

 {Corylus rostrafa), yew (Taxiis canadensis) , gooseberry, ferns, 

 false Solomon's seal, and grass. On the ground are many 

 decaying leaves, these usually forming a heavy carpet ; decay- 

 ing logs and freshly fallen sticks are common. 



In the Cisco Lake Region the drainage is not so good as in 

 the vicinity of Little Girl's Point, and the forests of that dis- 

 trict are of a type somewhat intermediate between the wet 

 hardwood forest and the dry hardwood forest. In the Cisco 

 Lake Region the topography is much broken, there being many 



