Occasional Papers of the Mtisetim of Zoology 25 



commonly balsamifera) , and with a few young pines; near 

 the rivers often occurred considerable clumps of white birches, 

 with a carpeting of New Jersey tea, blueberry (Vaiccinium 

 pennsylvanicnm) , bearberry, sweet fern {Myrica asplenifolia), 

 dwarf dogwood (Corniis canadensis), pipsissewa (Chimaphila 

 umbcllata), wintergreen {Gaultheria procumhens), trailing 

 arbutus {Epigaea repens) and the ground pines (Lycopodium 

 obscurum and coniplanatum). 



In the burnt portions practically everything had been killed. 

 The humus itself had been burned down to the sands and the 

 ashes washed into the river bottoms by the heavy rains. Mar- 

 chantia practically carpeted these regions; Bpilohium angus- 

 tifoliiim (fireweed) and others had sprung up from seed and 

 a few of the old inhabitants, such as the birch, some poplars 

 and the dwarf honeysuckle, were coming up from the old 

 roots. It will be a long time, nevertheless, before enough 

 humus is formed to allow a reoccupation by the molluscs. 

 These will of necessity come from the unburnt logs, the areas 

 untouched by the fire, and also the adjacent hardwoods and 

 swamps. 



HARDWOODS (TABLE v) 



Habitat 3p. Young Hardzvoods. Between the two granitic 

 ridges north of Pine Creek a small hollow held a clump of 

 young hardwoods composed of such trees as the sugar maples, 

 elms, blue beeches and the basswood. The humus had been 

 partially burnt away, but in places still supported a few leekb 

 (^Allium tricoccum) , wind anemones (Thalictrum) and blood- 

 roots {Sangiiinaria canadensis) . 



Habitat 40. Hardwoods of Menominee Trough. Despite 

 the frequent thinness of the clay soil, the granite ridges north 

 of Pine Creek were covered by a heavy growth of virgin hard- 

 woods. The trees are about the same as those described for 



