8 University of Michigan 



part of the preserve are very much altered from natural ones. 

 Clearing and cultivation have resulted in the introduction of 

 a number of new habitats and in greatly changing many of 

 the old ones ; one of their principal effects has been to reduce 

 the size of the areas occupied by unbroken and uniform hab- 

 itat conditions. As has been pointed out by ShuU (1911, p. 

 221) and Vestal (1913, pp. 158, 162), this close intermingling 

 of various habitats in units of small size tends to complicate 

 considerably the study of the habitat relationships of forms 

 so mobile as the majority of the Orthoptera. 



The Orthopteran habitats of the inland region here recog- 

 nized may be listed as follows : 



UNMODIFIED MODIFIED OR ARTIFICIAI, 



Shore habitat Bare or sparsely vegetated dry 

 Sedge marsh habitat soil habitat 



Buttonbush swamp habitat Grassy upland habitat 



Lowland forest-margin thicket Lizard's tail marsh habitat 



habitat Moist meadow habitat 



Upland forest-margin thicket Second growth scrub habitat 



habitat Open hardwood forest habitat 



Flood plain and lowland forest Cultivated field and orchard 



habitat habitat 



Beech-maple forest habitat Edificarian habitat 



! ■ Habitats and Habitat Distribution 



In the arrangement of habitats adopted in this paper the 

 writer has followed Fox* in classifying them primarily into 

 xerophytic, mesophytic, and hydrophytic. Under these main 

 headings they have been arranged according to the character 

 of their vegetation. At the end are grouped three habitats 

 which do not fall naturally under this scheme of classification, 

 namely, cultivated fields, orchards, and edificarian. 



3 Fox, H., 1914, Data on the Orthopteran Faunistics of eastern 

 Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 

 1914, p. 450, footnote 10. 



