Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 21 



with a heavy oak forest composed largely of second growth 

 trees under six inches in diameter. On the younger dunes 

 near the shore this forest is more xerophytic, with less under- 

 growth, and occasional areas of nearly bare ground under the 

 trees, approaching the xerophytic black oak dune forest type. 

 Inland it becomes more mesophytic in character and grades 

 off into the climax beech-maple-hemlock forest of the region. 



The principal trees of this forest are black oak, red oak, 

 white oak, basswood, white ash, sassafras, and an occasional 

 hard maple, blue beech, and hop hornbeam. The black oak 

 is the dominant form near the beach; inland the red oak and 

 white oak become more numerous. There is a considerable 

 amount of underbrush, consisting of such small trees and 

 shrubs as choke cherry (Pruiius znrginiana L.j, spice bush 

 {Benzoin acstivale L. Nees.), wild gooseberry {Ribes cynos- 

 bdti L.j, and leatherwood {Dirca palustris L.). Many of the 

 trees and shrubs are overrun with green brier (Sinilax hispida 

 Muhl.j and other vines. The ground in many places is cov- 

 ered with a thick growth of low herbage ; below the layer of 

 dead leaves the dune sand is covered by several inches of 

 humus. 



The following species were taken in this habitat: 



Parcoblatta virginica* Melanoplus viridipes* 



Parcoblatta uhleriana* Atlanticus testaceus* 



Parcoblatta pennsylvanica* Ceuthophilus nigricans^ 



Diapheromera femorata Ceuthophilus latens* 



Beech-maple forest habitat. This is the climax forest of the 

 region, occurring not only upon the morainic uplands but also 

 upon the older portions of the sand dunes. It is found in 

 almost original condition on the forested upland portion of 

 the Warren Woods Preserve. These woods consist of a nearly 

 pure stand of hard maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and 



