22 University of Michigan 



beech {Fagus grand if olia Ehrh.) ; the trees are of very large 

 size, so that the forest crown is high and the shade dense. 

 The forest is very open ; the underbrush in most places is 

 scanty, consisting chiefly of young trees of beech and maple, 

 with occasional leatherwood, spice bush, or other shrubs. The 

 soil is rich humus, which remains always moist ; it is covered 

 with a thick layer of decaying leaves. In the spring and early 

 summer a dense growth of low herbage covers the ground, 

 but it largely disappears later in the season. Fallen twigs 

 and branches litter the ground, but most of the logs have been 

 removed and the dead timber is cut out ; this constitutes the 

 chief modification from natural conditions. The scarcity of 

 cockroaches and camel-crickets noted here may be attributed 

 to the dearth of suitable shelter thus created. 



In the dune area the bsech-maple forest occuis on the older 

 (inland) rows of dunes; on account of the cutting and burn- 

 ing to w'hich the dunes have been subjected it is less perfectly 

 developed than in the Warren Woods Preserve. The meso- 

 phytic oak forest of the younger dunes shows a gradual tran- 

 sition to the beech-maple forest, the latter appearing first in 

 the moister parts of the dune valleys. The most conspicuous 

 difference between this dune forest and that on the uplands 'S 

 the presence in the former of occasional hemlocks, which in 

 a few places form small groves. The beech-maple forest was 

 but little studied in the dune region. 



The following species were found in this habitat : 



Parcablatta virginica^ Ptcrophylla camcllifolia caiiieUi- 



Parcoblatta pennsylvanica'\ folia 



Diapheromcra feviorata Ccuflwphilus nigricaiisf 



C:uthophihis latens* 



