4 University of Michigan 



warblers, and the yellow-throated, blue-headed, Philadelphia, 

 and red-eyed vireos. The lower branches of the trees were 

 inhabited by the magnolia, chestnut-sided, and hooded warb- 

 lers, the redstart, wood pewee, and green-crested and yellow- 

 bellied flycatchers. The undergrowth was apparently the 

 favorite habitat of the Wilson thrush, the Wilson, prairie, and 

 golden-winged warblers, the chickadee, ruby-crowned and 

 golden-crowned kinglets, the yellow-breasted chat, cardinal, 

 brown thrasher, and house wren. On the ground were observed 

 the palm, mourning, and Connecticut warblers, the oven bird, 

 northern yellowthroat, the three water thrushes, woodcock, 

 and whippoorwill. The four species of woodpeckers, of course, 

 frequented the tree trunks. 



River ^ flood-plain, and swamps: The river enters the north 

 €nd of the woods and flows in a general southern direction to 

 the edge of the clearing, where it turns abruptly to the west, 

 forming a great bend before it leaves the western edge of the 

 forest. At its low stage this river occupies a narrow channel 

 from two to three rods wide and several feet below the top 

 of its banks. In time of flood the water covers the banks and 

 occupies quite an extensive plain, which is bordered by higher 

 banks, in places thirty to fifty feet high. The flood-plain is 

 mostly wooded, conspicuous trees being the black ash, elm. 

 swamp oak, and soft maple, and there are several low areas, 

 more or less open, but in general covered with a thick growth 

 of willows and buttonbush, with a few trees. These swamps 

 contain water during most of the year, but some of the smaller 

 swamps are dry in midsummer. 



The south swamp contains several acres and lies just south 

 of the river where the latter leaves the reserve, and at flood 

 time is connected with it. The swamp contains some water 



