Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 3 



development. On June 4 no eggs were to be found, but about 

 eighteen larvae were taken near shore with a dip net. These 

 had fully developed gills, and the hind limbs showed from 

 two to four toes. Although somewhat less advanced than 

 examples reared in the laboratory, they were plumper and 

 lacked the frequent mutilations of gills and limbs observed 

 in the indoor specimens. 



Eggs were found also in two similar localities in Iosco 

 Township, Livingston County, on May 21, and in Whiteoak 

 Township, Ingham County, May 28. At the latter place 

 fifty-two masses of eggs were found in one section of a single 

 small pond in a shady, wet woods of ash, linden, oak, maples, 

 and elms. Not only was advantage taken of the mossy situa- 

 tions, but very many masses of eggs were attached to tlie sides 

 of crevices and hollows in the soft, rotted wood of a large 

 water-soaked log that projected thirty feet or so out into the 

 pond, and in one instance eggs were found under the loose 

 bark of an old stump that stood at the edge of the w^ater. In 

 one egg cluster the larvae were hatching; in the others they 

 were well advanced and those brought to the laboratory nearly 

 all hatched in a day or two. Here, as in previous instances, 

 with nearly every egg mass an adult salamander was found, 

 which proved in every one of about forty dissections to be a 

 female. A'aried as were the places for deposit of the eggs, 

 every cluster fulfilled the essential conditions of proximity 

 to water, both horizontal and vertical, that were found in the 

 Lima pond, and that Bishop observed in New York state. 

 Doubtless it will be found that the eggs occur in this state, 

 too, in sphagnum at the bases of shrubby clumps in bogs or 

 swamps, as Bishop reported, but at any rate "feather-bed" 

 swamps do not present the onl}^ acceptable conditions for the 

 breeding of the four-toed salamander. 



