4 University of Michigan 



the very regular sculpture and flat-sidedness of the body whorl 

 are not sufficient to do so. The deflection downward of the 

 tipper fold is a very marked characteristic, and if it cannot 

 be seen through the shell the last whorl may be opened with 

 a needle, from the left side, from which a good profile view 

 may be obtained. A specimen from Kent, Ohio, opened by 

 Mr. Clapp, is figured in a view from the back. 



Carychium exile canadense Clapp. 



Folds similar to those of exile, but the downward bend 

 occurs farther from the aperture — i. e., after about one and 

 •one-quarter turns of the lamella around the columella. In 

 the figure the bend is too far dorsad to be shown in the front 

 view. 



Carychium occidentalis Pilsbry. 



Upper fold evenly curved, small in proportion to the diam- 

 eter of the last whorl. Lower fold small, about half as wide 

 as the upper, projecting, evenly curved. Both are remarkably 

 small for so large a shell, especially when compared with the 

 lamellae of exile. 



Carychium nannodes Clapp. 



Upper fold small in proportion to the size of the last whorl, 

 evenly sinuate. Lower fold scarcely more than a cord, 

 becoming somewhat flattened and slightly projecting during 

 the course of the first turn. Only one cotype was opened, but 

 lamellae of others were examined through the shell. 



Carychium minimum Miiller. 



Upper fold large, widest and deflected rather sharply upward 

 after about a half turn. Lower fold sinuate, projecting most 

 prominently after a half turn, under the widest part of the 

 upper lamella. 



