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for the origin of this renewed activity of growth at the scar, which 
induces the formation of these buds. Though their aspect is normal 
and regular, they are in unfavourable conditions for further devel- 
opment. 
The most successful mode of budding in adult Fungiae is no 
doubt that from the remains of the living tissue of a disc of F. 
fungites that is almost entirely overgrown with seaweeds or other 
organisms. 
Here the buds have been formed as normally as those of an 
anthocormus. On this account many researchers consider these buds 
to have directly arisen from larvae. 
At an anthocormus a large number of buds are massed together 
within a short time. Most of them form new buds laterally to their 
stem. Now when the anthocyathus of the buds gradually enlarges, 
this broadened extremity often leans against the dise of a neigh- 
bouring young Fungia, which inhibits further broadening in those 
places. In this way originate anomalous young Fungiae, as may be 
seen from many colonies. Hereby the anthocyathus is elongated in 
many cases in one direction or is angular with many flattened sides. 
This close contiguity may also cause the undersides of two young 
Fungiae to coalesce, the buds then drop simultaneously and remain 
twinned. At an anthocormus of Hungia actiniformis 1 found two of 
these young buds, the underside of one of which was at one place 
grown together with the other. The septa of the one anthocyatus 
are still separated from those of the other. During the transport 
these buds got loose from their stems but they were not severed 
from each other. 
Not unfrequently do we find old Fungiae, which clearly show 
their origin through coalescence of two buds as is evident from two 
scars at the underside of such twin-specimens. When these twins 
have arisen from the intergrowth of two Fungiae of about the 
same age two mouths with the surrounding septa are to be observed 
at the upperside, the septa being grown together anomalously at 
the plane coalescence between the two individuals. 
Now the occurrence of two or more mouths at the upperside of 
a Fungia would not warrant the conclusion that such a coral has 
arisen from several individuals, for when, for some reason or other, 
a stronger growth appears in one part of the border than in the 
other part, folds will make their appearance which may extend 
upwards over a pretty long distance, as a doubled up border. If 
this folding process continues up to the mouth, it often results ina 
