328 
projects most backwards, by very considerable superior curved cristae 
and a distinct external occipital protuberance. The outer wall of 
the orbit (external angular process of the frontal bone and frontal 
process of the malar bone) though drawn out thin in temporal 
direction, is much more massive even than in Australian aborigines 
(minimum orbito-temporal breadth of the frontal process of the 
malar bone 13 mm.!). This undoubtedly implies that the fascial 
origin of the anterior part of the temporal muscle, which is chiefly 
active in biting mastication, was much stronger, hence that part of 
the muscle itself comparatively more powerful (which is also to be 
inferred from the deeper post-orbital constriction — smallest frontal 
witdh). For the rest the whole malar bone is much more robust 
(the greatest breadth or height under the orbit is 28 mm.), to which 
a musculus masseter must have corresponded, which was very 
powerful, particularly in its outer part (again a feature indicating 
chiefly biting mastication). 
In front view the face is broader. The nasal aperture however, is narr- 
ower, of the sapiens type; the face measures across the angular processes 
of the frontal bone (torus-width), as I stated already, 139 mm. against 
124 in the La Chapelle skull. The maximum width across the malar 
bones is 134 (La Chapelle about 125). Very striking is the roof-like 
form of the frontal part of the cranial vault, instead of the dome- 
like form of the neandertalians. Nor is the torus supraorbitalis 
uniformly round and without any special modelling, as in the 
neandertal type, but more angular, with some division into pars 
medialis and lateralis by a very considerable supraorbital notch, by 
the outer side of which the orbital arch’ in the middle projects 
towards the orbit, which latter thus gets a more square form, in 
contrast with the more rounded form in the neandertalian skulls. 
The whole torus is of an, as it were strongly exaggerated, Australian 
type. It is more powerful than that of the neandertalian skulls; 
its greatest height is 22 mm.! 
In the basal view the planum nuchale, large and flat, with foramen 
magnum lying more towards the middle of the base of the skull, 
is found perfectly the same as in Australian skulls, and likewise 
separated from the upper tabular part of the occipital bone by very 
considerable cristae nuchae superiores and a distinct external pro- 
tuberance. With the basion-nasion length 111 is the basion-prosthion 
length 117 mm, and the basion-inion line 99 mm. The differences 
of these anterior basal lines with that posterior basal line are 12 
and 18 mm. The differences between the corresponding lines of the 
La Chapelle skull of 125, 132, and 84 mm. are 41 and 48 mm. 
