MORPHOLOGY OF MELIBE 521 



2. The Papillae or Epinotidia. 



Among the Cladohepatica, where the papillae are 

 mostly foliaceous or lobate structures, the denomination of 

 papillae is preferable to the term cerata, branchiae, 

 or gills. Many English authors have adopted this term : 

 Hancock and Embleton (1848), Jeffrey (1869), Gamble (1892), 

 et al. Others use a different nomenclature: Alder and 

 Hancock (1845), branchial papillae ; Parona (1891), Viguier 

 (1898), dorsal appendages ; Parker and Haswell (1910), 

 secondary branchiae ; Lang (1898), dorsal respiratory appen- 

 dages (cerata); and still others, Herman and Clubb (1892), 

 Sedgwick (1898), Hertwig (1912), Arnold (1916), Pratt 

 (1916), use the term cerata for the cladohepatic nudibranchs, 

 and branchiae for the H o 1 o h e p a t i c a . The following 

 authors, dealing Avith Melibe in each case, designate the 

 papillae as follows : Rang (the founder for the genus) (1829), 

 branchiae; Gould (1852) (Chioraera s. Melibe), foliaceous 

 branchial expansions ; Pease (1860), tuberculated lobes ; 

 Cooper (1863), branchiae ; Tapparone-Canefri (1876), branchial 

 lobes; Eewkes (1889) (Chioraea leontina s. Chioraera 

 leonina, Melibe), branchial appendages; Bergh (1908), 

 epinotidia; Heath (1917) (Chioraera dalli s. Melibe 

 leonina), lappets; and O'Donoghue (1921) (Chioraera 

 s. Melibe), branchial cerata. The last-named author employs 

 the term cerata for the following cladohepatic genera: 

 Dendronotus, Aeolidia, Coryphella, Hermis- 

 s e n d a , and D o t o ; but he applies the word branchiae 

 to the Holohepatica. This is in keeping with the usage 

 of many authors (vide supra). Boas (1916, 1920) employs the 

 term gills for both the Aeolidiidae and the Dorididae, 

 while Bergh (1 879 c : 73) says that he uses the term papillae 

 for the Aeolidiidae partly because it is a Linnean term, 

 partly because the organs do not exclusively serve for respira- 

 tion, which is partaken of by the whole surface of the skin, 

 that over the papillae as well as elsewhere, among all the 

 Nudibranchiata. This fact was pointed out earlier by 



